Journal of Korean Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance

Vol.42 No.5

Current Issue
A Comparative Study on the old history of the Taekkyon and Taekwondo 체육사 : 택견과 태권도 역사성에 관한 비교 김길평KimGilPyeong , 최근기ChoeGeunGi 42(5) 3-10, 2003 Title A Comparative Study on the old history of the Taekkyon and Taekwondo 체육사 : 택견과 태권도 역사성에 관한 비교 김길평KimGilPyeong , 최근기ChoeGeunGi DOI: Abstract Taekkyon and Taekwondo is the nature occurrence martial arts which keeps a old history. When seeing history, supark, supark of play, subyeongta, subyeongchiki, kwon beoub, Taekkyon, Taekwondo it was developed with expediency. but 36 years between nayional japen by simultaneous suffering it reached standing. It is like that crisis of disappearance it hit, became the opportunity where the martial arts(dangsu, kongsu, karate) of the other nation is activated. The true identity frost of nature occurrence martial arts it brings the crisis against, it is a after national martial arts(1971), Taekkyon it is an expediency and an intangible cultural asset (1981), Taekkyon it was borne the result which is unhappy had become the dual anger which is a silk. From this time Taekkyon and Taekwondo the history frost of expediency the argument with is not cut. Is like that the research which it sees Taekkyon and Taekwondo after leading the history characteristic comparison of expediency with, arrived to same conclusion. three national policy units Taekkyon and Taekwondo it is an opinion regarding an expediency. Taekkyon and Taekwondo is su park with the root, the fact that it develops is fact. But Taekkyon the silk does not exist actually in three national policy units was not. Are like that three national policy righteousness martial arts become feed with the fact that the supark accomplishes a main current. Also, regarding the remains of ancient times Taekkyon and Taekwondo sees supporting which will reach feed which it will do as a favor is insufficient with expediency. The martial arts (Taekkyon and Taekwondo) until of josun national early stage marking does consequently with the suprk and must prevent a history cross. Taekkyon The silk must see as containing a martial arts function and a play function with martial arts and play. Taekkyon and Taekwondo is developed and old time period effect of trade name for it becomes feed with the fact that it goes mad. It is like that percentage where the form or principal is different fall there to be a history frost, must be interpreted from same connection. Must take a triangular position with the fact that in but Taekkyon intangible cultural asset (1981) designation of the silk with point of view it has become dual anger different martial arts. When Taekkyon and Taekwondo seeing with history characteristic of expediency, Taekwondo is expediency the old time period multi branch techniques were integrated. Taekkyon. The silk technical element considerable portion is excluded from like that process and the form or principal appears different with demobilization to be demanded, it became. Taekkyon and Taekwondo is demanded the evening twilight percentage necessity which integration will draw from future intention direction. With philosophy thought it joins in and the elder shape approach it leads and with it is soft principal it interchanges and feed with the fact that the conversion with desirable direction will be necessary it becomes. Key Words supark, supark of play, subyeongta, subyeongchiki, kwon beoub, Taekkyon, Taekwondo
Study on Baseball Introduction of Korea 체육사 : 한국의 야구 도입설에 관한 연구 손환SonHwan , 김재우KimJaeU 42(5) 11-18, 2003 Title Study on Baseball Introduction of Korea 체육사 : 한국의 야구 도입설에 관한 연구 손환SonHwan , 김재우KimJaeU DOI: Abstract This study identifies the various views on the baseball introduction in Korea as examining the existing studies. For this purpose, this study breaks down the views on the baseball introduction into view on the introduction in 1904, view on the introduction in 1905 and view on the introduction in 1907 found out the conclusions as follows. In Korea, since Na Hyung-Seong insisted the introduction of baseball in 1905, diverse studies quoted his opinion. Then, the view on the introduction of baseball in 1905 was the established theory. However, as examiningthe actual bases, Na Hyung-Seong quoted "history of Chosun Baseball" of Osima, but it was considered that on year was added(the 37th year of Meiji period=1904) during translation. And the view on the introduction in 1904 was appeared in "History of Chosun Baseball" written by Lee Gil-Yong, which was considered to be the first record on the Korean baseball history two years prior to Osima. Therefore, the baseball was firstly introduction for YMCA members in Korea by Phillip L. Gillett, the American missionary in 1904 in accordance with the examination up to now. However, to clarify the view on the baseball introduction in Korea, it is necessary to examine Gillett who introduced the baseball and exploit the data related to baseball activities among foreigners in Busan and Incheon opened from the end of 19th century, It will be the subject for the future studies. Key Words korea baseball, baseball introduction
A Study on the Changing Process of the Special Law Supporting the Olympic Games in Korea, Canada and Japan 체육사 : 역대 올림픽개최국의 올림픽대회지원 관련법에 관한 연구 -한국 캐나다 일본의 국가적 차원의 지원 내용을 중심으로- 이종원LeeJongWon 42(5) 19-29, 2003 Title A Study on the Changing Process of the Special Law Supporting the Olympic Games in Korea, Canada and Japan 체육사 : 역대 올림픽개최국의 올림픽대회지원 관련법에 관한 연구 -한국 캐나다 일본의 국가적 차원의 지원 내용을 중심으로- 이종원LeeJongWon DOI: Abstract The purpose of this paper is to analyze the special law supporting the olympic games in Korea. Canada and japan. And this paper compared those three special laws of those three nations and tried to reveal the difference. Futhermore, this paper attempted to make known what the difference came from. For this purpose, this paper focused each nation’s special law into three dimensions. First, this paper focused the general characteristic of each special law. Second, it was focused in respect of government or nation supporting. Third it was examined that how each nation’s OCOG(organizing committee of olympic games) was stipulated in aspect of legal prescription. The result of this study are as follow : (1) In aspect of the general characteristic of special law and nation supporting Canada had least stipulations and complied with the Olympic Charter faithfully. Japan revealed nation sporting will in some degree, but it was prescribed by simple and basic matters. Korea showed most affirmatively nation supporting will, and it was composed of financial and administrative aid, and human resource. (2) In aspect of legal stipulation into OCOG, Korea had most earnest attitude, on the contrary, Canada and Japan’s OCOG was stipulated in the status of a legal person. (3) In the result of comparison of those three nations’ special law supporting the olympic games, it can be said that Korea showed most energetic and various will in supporting the olympic games, and it may be come from by the sport policy of the fifth Government of the Republic of Korea the goal of which was to obtain political legitimacy by the means of international sport event like the olympic games. Key Words olympic charter, legal stipulation, special law into the olympic games
A Study On The Carl Diem`s Life and Thought In The Guide of German Sports 체육사 : 독일 스포츠 선구자 칼 딤의 생애와 사상에 관한 고찰 황옥철HwangOgCheol , 박정희ParkJeongHui 42(5) 31-39, 2003 Title A Study On The Carl Diem`s Life and Thought In The Guide of German Sports 체육사 : 독일 스포츠 선구자 칼 딤의 생애와 사상에 관한 고찰 황옥철HwangOgCheol , 박정희ParkJeongHui DOI: Abstract The Purpose of this study is to understand the development of German sports by studying of Carl Diem`s life and thought, who is called a forerunner of modern German sports. This study covers his life, personality, thought and achievements contributing to world sports history as well as to Germany. People who are believed to have influenced on shaping Carl Dime`s life and thought are not like "Jahn" or "Guts Muths" who were sports professionals. How was it possible that Carl Diem was under the influences of the people outside of sports field? Carl Diem was not educated in a stubborn and directive way like in Turnen. So he is believed to have had liberal ideas and to have taken flexible stance as a journalist, sports organizer, manager, and a person enlightening in the incessant change of the time. Accordingly, he was able to protest against Nazi and is living in the heart of world sportmen as well as of the German as a figure who led unifying and restoration of postwar German sports, youth education, and the national unity. Key Words study of diem carl’s life and thought
A study of a Social History on the British Sports Culture 체육사 : 영국의 스포츠 문화에 관한 사회사적 고찰 황옥철HwangOgCheol , 박현숙ParkHyeonSug 42(5) 41-50, 2003 Title A study of a Social History on the British Sports Culture 체육사 : 영국의 스포츠 문화에 관한 사회사적 고찰 황옥철HwangOgCheol , 박현숙ParkHyeonSug DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study is to understand the development of a western sports culture, in three dimension, considering not only the social background of British sport and its spreading process that have been based on the development of human body in the modern age as a current of social history regarding the british sports culture through the national ideology and the British socio-cultural current but the roles of British as a suzerain nation and the background that had more formerly advanced than anything on the British sport being owned all over the world. The modern British sport had been organized as the result of British native outlooks of life that is characterized as a sport naturally formed and existed. The terms of Sport and Sportsmanship were originated from England. Moreover, the special talents by Englishmen who had accomplished the modern sport organized from a various kinds of events in the world through a definite regulation and spirits are the very parts to understand a british Sport. As in a British sport, they thought much of the attitude of sport, etiquette, fair play, etc as like a sport technique as well as a sportsmanship considered a gentlemanship in relation to a sports spirit. The general concepts like imperial royalty, muscular Christianity, gentlemanship as an educational ideology intended to an unified character fostering through a various kind of games participated can`t be completely separated, however, they had been considered an essential ideology in order to foster leaders with patriot in that British was faced in the age to expand and maintain an empire. Hereupon, the characteristic of sport, a fight and victory, could have nationality strong and patient, consequently, Britain became a dominant position according to the principal of the survival of the fittest and the British sport was getting world-wide well known. Key Words the british sports culture, social history, suzerain nation
The China Sports Policies based on Deng Xiaoping`s Philosophy 체육철학 : 등소평(鄧小平) 사상에 비춰진 중국의 스포츠정책 김동규KimDongGyu , 이용수LeeYongSu 42(5) 53-60, 2003 Title The China Sports Policies based on Deng Xiaoping`s Philosophy 체육철학 : 등소평(鄧小平) 사상에 비춰진 중국의 스포츠정책 김동규KimDongGyu , 이용수LeeYongSu DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study examines and analyzes realistic perspective on China’s sports system and its development in terms of the unfolding process since their reform, and projects its future outlook to anticipate further development. The background and those situation are analysed and future recommendations made. The paper attempt to discuss factors contributing to the circumstances and to imply possible solutions. The results of this study were as following. First, in order to continue its accomplishments of being a leading sports power in the world, China established the system that could have both elite and popular sports to be developed in the structure of market economy. Second, accepting Taiwan in international competitions and the start of Deng Xiao Ping’s "One Nation Two System" raised China’s foreign sports policy into a new chapter, creating "Olympics Promotion System" as well as playing a major role in the international scene of sports. Third, even though China took a similar approach to develop its sports enforcing method, China’s sports system eventually became unique of its own that suits to the circumstance of its society. While current market-oriented sports system is certainly different from the past nation-wide and enforced plan, the reform has been made to have the elite sports leading the entire development as a whole. Fourth, since the reform, the government encouraged and promoted for more direct and active involvement by local and regional communities, thereby enhancing econo·mic status of popular sports and everyday life. Such tendency made the shift from the welfare-focused towards the management-oriented, being distributed starting with major cities. Key Words china sports policies, deng xiaoping`s philosophy
Thinking student athlete 체육철학 : 학생운동선수를 생각한다 이학준LeeHagJun 42(5) 61-69, 2003 Title Thinking student athlete 체육철학 : 학생운동선수를 생각한다 이학준LeeHagJun DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the methods of human life for athlete in Korean college elite sports. Korean college athletes have played an important role in developing Korean sports. On the other hand, Korean college elite sports have such problems as doping, educational system, and so on. Korean college elite sports is needed to be institutionally reformed. In order to accomplish this, the researcher used two methods: individual and social approach to ethics. Recently many sport scholars try to solve the above problems by improving and developing their individual aspects. Such problems, however, can not be solved through are required: a) changing current athletes’lives into lives of existence-oriented, b) developing good relations among athletes, c) changing winning of result and phenomenon into the winning of reality and meaning d) changing current freezing athletes into athletes like artists. In relation to the social aspects, the following things are required: a) free choice of department for college athletes, b) adequate college entrance system, c) adequate school program management, d) adjusting game period, and e) adjusting the training period to accommodate their educational program. In conclusion, to solve such problems in Korean college elite athletes, the researcher uses the individual and social approaches to ethics, which is effective to improve life conditions for college athletes in Korean college elite sports. Key Words student athlete, individual ethics approach, social ethics approach
A Study on the Physical Movement on the Basis of the Ideal- Realism 체육철학 : 관념론적 실재론에 기초한 신체운동에 대한 연구 장성수JangSeongSu 42(5) 71-78, 2003 Title A Study on the Physical Movement on the Basis of the Ideal- Realism 체육철학 : 관념론적 실재론에 기초한 신체운동에 대한 연구 장성수JangSeongSu DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study is to comprehend the physical movement by the idealism through the unity of the realism and the idealism. We have been thought that the realism on the physical world or the natural world divided from the conscious world until now. But the ideal - realism have put a logic could conquest a dualistic division at us, I could saw the physical movement widely even than the past. I have known that the ideal - realism was the theory of philosophy recognized as a universal and general concept not the conception of individual abstraction or imagination but a real existence. For that reason, the ideal-realism have a foundation to be united not only the natural world but also the thought world from a realism, I could assured a theoretical background of the physical movements not to be based dualism but to be admitted a monistic the body of integration. The physical movement is a plain-body be come in sight to be unified physical, mental, social, and the other all factors. Since it is so, I could understood that this physical movement be showed up by a transformed mode entirely be not a physical factor and a metal factor as well. I presented that the physical movement must raised the status of the special the real existence as promote to a higher rank a equal dimension in the same manner mind and body. Therefore, we must be free the physical education from the dualistic situation. And we must to raise the status by a real-body with the ideal-realism position that these are not only the physical but also the mental unconfirmed the naked eye and the sensory organ, and that indeed even these movement activities in a twinkling, a movement and these actions in be hard showed from sport in that time goes by many hundred years. Key Words idealism, realism
An Understanding on Value Ethics on Value Prioritizing in Physical Activity 체육철학 : 운동의 가치위계에 관한 가치 윤리학적 이해 함정혜HamJeongHye , 김영선KimYeongSeon 42(5) 79-88, 2003 Title An Understanding on Value Ethics on Value Prioritizing in Physical Activity 체육철학 : 운동의 가치위계에 관한 가치 윤리학적 이해 함정혜HamJeongHye , 김영선KimYeongSeon DOI: Abstract The body has the characteristic that is not only value-free but also value-oriented. Values are goods: they are things that human beings find desirable. We pursue many values which related the sporting body. In one way or another all people in the field of sport science and physical education have opportunities to improve people’s lives through value pursuing. Which values are most important? What are the possibilities to make harmony such values with our real good life? This research studied the Max Scheler’s value prioritizing theory through his work 『Formalism in Ethics and Non-Formal Ethics of Value』. He criticized the Formalism especially Kant’s Ethics and tried a new attempt toward the an foundation of Ethical Personalism. He suggested that ranking value criterion composed of five principles. First the durability carry more high value than those that do not, Second the impartibility carry more high value than those that do not. Third, the value established(end values) carry more high value than those that was established(mean values). Fourth, the experiences that include satisfaction carry more high value those that do not. Fifth, the values was determined by the value ranking according to the absolute value. According to his value theory, the value criterions was applicable in sporting body. So the sporting body should be dealing as one of the ethical personality, not as just things. In other words, sporting body should pursuit the internal value such as justice, honesty, tender, goodness, etc. So the sporting body would be ethical and moral value in -it-self. The modern society has the danger with value conflicts in the sport world. We should put the efforts on seeking the real value of the sport and real meaning of sporting body. Key Words physical activity, value ethics, value priotizing
The Relationships among Exercise Addiction, Self-Consciousness, and Social Adjustment in Life Sports Participants 스포츠사회학 : 생활체육 참가자의 운동중독과 자기의식 및 사회적응의 관계 강신욱KangSinUg 42(5) 91-99, 2003 Title The Relationships among Exercise Addiction, Self-Consciousness, and Social Adjustment in Life Sports Participants 스포츠사회학 : 생활체육 참가자의 운동중독과 자기의식 및 사회적응의 관계 강신욱KangSinUg DOI: Abstract The fact that life sports participants’ exercise addiction has a positive influence on subjective quality of life was discovered through Kang’s previous study(2002). The purpose of the present study was to find out the relationships among exercise addiction, self-consciousness, and social adjustment as an objective quality of lie. Life sports participants were categorized into 3 groups, that is, non-addicted, over-use, and addicted group by the exercise addiction scales the same as previous study. 1,224 subjects were selected from 10 life sports items using stratified cluster sampling method from April to May, 2003. Exercise addiction was measured by the items based in Young(1996) and Kang(2002)’s scales, self-consciousness by Fenigstein, Scheier & Buss(1975) and Kim(1991)’s scales, and social adjustment by Weissman & Paykel(1974) and Kim(1998)’s scales. x²test, 2-way anova, and path analysis methods were used to solve problems of the study. On the basis of the results, the conclusions were drawn as follows: 1. There is a significant difference in frequencies of groups by gender and exercise type. There are the most addicted participants in competitive exercise in males, on the other hand in recreational exercise in frmales. 2. There is a significant difference in self-consciousness by gender and group. Private, public and social self-consciousness are high in the order of addicted, over-use, and non-addicted group in males and females. 3. There is a significant difference in social adjustment by gender and group. Adjustments for household affairs and workplaces, married life, parents-children relation, and peer relation are high in the order of non-addicted, over-use, and addicted group regardless of gender. 4. There are causal relationships among exercise addiction, self-consciousness, and social adjustment. Degree of exercise addiction has a negative influence on adjustments for household affairs and workplace, and married life directly. Key Words exercise addiction, self-consciousness, social adjustment
The Difference of Social Support Distinctions between as Individual Characteristics on Sports and Leisure Instructors 스포츠사회학 : 생활체육 지도자의 개인적 특성에 따른 사회적 지원의 차이 김영기KimYeongGi 42(5) 101-108, 2003 Title The Difference of Social Support Distinctions between as Individual Characteristics on Sports and Leisure Instructors 스포츠사회학 : 생활체육 지도자의 개인적 특성에 따른 사회적 지원의 차이 김영기KimYeongGi DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study is to difference social support distinctions between as individual characteristics of sports and leisure instructors. We studied 539 sports and leisure instructors, in Seoul and Kyungki-do, working in the public and private sector, each having at least three sporting events and five or more instructors as of 2002. Samples were randomly selected proportional to the number of those who has been studied in each sporting event and examination was accomplished with questionnaires prepared by means of self-evaluation of each sampled instructors. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire was verified through the Cronbach’s ‘a t-test and factor analysis. 386 out of 539 questionnaires were processed for analysis using the T-test and one-way ANOVA. The results showed distinctions in both emotional and informative support of social sub-factors upon sports and leisure instructors’ individual characteristics. Key Words social support, sports and leisure instructors
The Influence of Dance sport Participation on Stress, Anxiety and Depression of Adult Females 스포츠사회학 : 성인 여성의 댄스스포츠 참가가 스트레스와 불안 및 우울증에 미치는 영향 김영미KimYeongMi 42(5) 109-119, 2003 Title The Influence of Dance sport Participation on Stress, Anxiety and Depression of Adult Females 스포츠사회학 : 성인 여성의 댄스스포츠 참가가 스트레스와 불안 및 우울증에 미치는 영향 김영미KimYeongMi DOI: Abstract It is known that continuous and regular participation in exercise has a positive influence on physical and mental health. The purpose of the study is to find out the influences of dance sport participation as a wide-spread exercise in adult females on stress, anxiety and depression. Using a stratified random sampling method, 547 adult females(270 dance sport participants and 274 non-participants) of the age above 20 who lived in Seoul, Incheon, and Daejon were selected from March to June, 2003. Data were collected by using the questionnaire whose validity and reliability were tested. T-test, multiple regression analysis, and path analysis method were also used to test the hypotheses. Each hypothesis was tested at the signigicant level of .05. On the basis of the results, the conclusions were drawn as followings: 1. Dance sport participants have less stress, state anxiety, trait anxiety, depression than non-participants. 2. There are no significant differences except trait anxiety in stress, state anxiety, depression by types of dance sport participation. 3. Dance sport participation has a negative influence on stress. The longer time of dance sport participation, the lower stress of females. 4. Dance sport participation has a negative influence on anxiety. The more frequence of dance sport participation, the lower state and trait anxiety of females. 5. Dance sport participation has a negative influence on depression. The more frequence and duration of dance sport participation, the lower depression. 6. There are significant causal influences among stress, state and trait anxiety and depression. Dance sport participation has no direct influence on depression in whole view of causal context. Key Words dance sport participation, stress, state anxiety, trait anxiety, depression
The Relationship between Participation in Dancesports and Mental Health 스포츠사회학 : 댄스스포츠 참가자 스트레스 사회적지지 및 정신건강에 미치는 영향 김은혜KimEunHye 42(5) 121-133, 2003 Title The Relationship between Participation in Dancesports and Mental Health 스포츠사회학 : 댄스스포츠 참가자 스트레스 사회적지지 및 정신건강에 미치는 영향 김은혜KimEunHye DOI: Abstract The purpose of the present study was to quantitatively determine the influences of factors related to dancesports participation and mental health under the assumption that complex and various social psychological factors operate in dancesports socialization process. The sample was collected from 588 of dancesport participaants and 511 of dancesport non-participants living in Seoul city and Kyeonggi province using a purposive sampling method from May to July, 2001. Data were collected through the questionnaire based on the previous studies using Self-determination (Pelletier, Tuson, & Haddad, 1997), Stress (Kang, Shin-Wook, 1997b), Social Support (Cohen & Hoberman, 1983), and mental health (Derogatis, Derogatis, & Rock, 1976) was measured by the scale designed from 10 specialists in dancesports, statistics, and sports sociology. The questionnaire was used after testing validity and reliability through pilot study and was performed ANCOVA and path analysis. The results were as follows: First, gender, age, and the experience of participation in dancesports were found to have significant effects on stress, but participation intensity of dancesports had negative effect on stress. Second, gender, Job, education, income and the experience of participation in dancesports were found to have significant effects on social support, but participation degree of dancesport was not found to have significant effects on social support. Third, background variables, participation degree of dancesports, stress, social support, and mental health had significant effects on mental health through direct and indirect paths. In conclusion, the background variables such as gender, job, father and brother`s interest and encouragement, and identification and extrinsic motivation influences on participation degree of dancesports. And it contributes to increasing mental health by decreasing stress. Key Words dancesports participation, stress, social support, mental health
The Relationships between Participation in Leisure Sports Activities and Military Service Absorption among Army Soldier 스포츠사회학 : 육군 병사의 여가체육활동 참가와 복무몰입의 관계 나명흔NaMyeongHeun , 임승엽ImSeungYeob 42(5) 135-145, 2003 Title The Relationships between Participation in Leisure Sports Activities and Military Service Absorption among Army Soldier 스포츠사회학 : 육군 병사의 여가체육활동 참가와 복무몰입의 관계 나명흔NaMyeongHeun , 임승엽ImSeungYeob DOI: Abstract The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationships between the participation in leisure sports activities and service flow among military servicemen. Specifically, we first examined the relationship between social characters and service flow. Second, we examined the relationship between the degree of their participation in leisure sports activities and service flow. After these examinations, we could presented the directions for encouraging leisure sports activities, and propose the administration policies that can raise the service flow of military servicemen. In order to achieve the goals of this research, we set up those who are doing their service in the army this year(2001) and analyzed 1191 soldiers as a sample by proportional stratified cluster random sampling. The tool for data collection was "Questionnaire for the relationships between participation in leisure sports activities and service flow among new generation military servicemen", and the results of reliability were shown service flow of α=.8610. Methods used for statistical analysis were x² T-test, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis. The results, based on this research method and data analysis, were as follows: First, social characters of military servicemen are related to the service flow. Namely, branch and service echelon related with the service flow. Second, there is a difference in service flow according to whether soldiers participate in leisure sports activities or not. Namely, service flow of soldiers who participate in leisure sports activities is higher than those who do not. Third, the degree of participation in leisure sports activities is related to the service flow. That is, the higher the frequency of participation in leisure sports activities, the higher the service flow. In addition, the higher the intensity of participation in leisure sports activities, the higher service flow as well. Key Words army soldier, participation in Leisure sports activities, military service absorption
The Relationship between Participation in Physical Activity after School and Social Support, Stress among the Adolescents 스포츠사회학 : 청소년의 스포츠 참가와 스트레스 및 사회적 지지의 관계 이홍구LeeHongGu 42(5) 147-157, 2003 Title The Relationship between Participation in Physical Activity after School and Social Support, Stress among the Adolescents 스포츠사회학 : 청소년의 스포츠 참가와 스트레스 및 사회적 지지의 관계 이홍구LeeHongGu DOI: Abstract The purpose of this research was to examine how adolescents participation in sports influences the social support of them, to back up empirically the fact that such mutual relation have an effect on the daily removal and easing of the stress, and further, being based upon this, to present the basic data required for the policies related to the adolescents. To examine this research subjects closely in this research the boys` and girls` high school students enrolled in the Office Of Education under the control of Seoul-city as of 2002 have been established as the population and 480 student have been sampled. Among these, excluding those questionnaires which were judged to lack the reliability, the number of the samples used actually for the analysis was total 454 students including the 257 participating students and 197 nonparticipating students in the sports activities. The tool for the data collection is the "Survey questionnaire regarding the relations between the sports participation of the adolescents and the social support and stress", and as a result of the examination of the reliability, the social support α=.90, and the stress α=.94, where high coefficients of the reliability have been derived. For the data analysis the SPSS (Statistical Package for social Science) program has been used in this research, to meet the purpose of this research the covariant analysis, multiple regression analysis and path analyses have been carried out, and the following research results have been derived. First, adolescents participating in the sports activities have higher social support, the lower stress compared with that of the nonparticipating adolescents. Second, among the extents of the adolescents `participation in the sports activities, the participation frequencies have positive relations with the social support and negative relations with the stress. Third, the frequencies of participation is sports activities by the adolescents directly influences the social support, and the social support directly influences the stress. Therefore, the frequencies of participation in sports activities by the adolescents indirectly influence the removal of stress through the social support. Key Words adolescents, social support, stress
Effects of Attribution Styles by Success and Failure, and Goal Orientation in High School Rowing Athletes 스포츠심리학 : 고교 조정선수들의 성공과 실패, 목표성향이 귀인유형에 미치는 영향 안희구AnHuiGu 42(5) 161-170, 2003 Title Effects of Attribution Styles by Success and Failure, and Goal Orientation in High School Rowing Athletes 스포츠심리학 : 고교 조정선수들의 성공과 실패, 목표성향이 귀인유형에 미치는 영향 안희구AnHuiGu DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study lies in knowing what the attribution style of the success and failure in according to the gender, career and prize-winner of high school rowing players and in understanding how well we can predict about the attribution of the success and failure in connection with the goal orientation according to prize winning. For this, one way-ANOVA and stepwise regression analysis have been carried out. As a result of the analysis, there has been the significant difference between the success and the failure. The success attribution style according to the up and down of the career has made it appear significantly in the factors of analysis of opponents, mental toughness, effort and condition. The attribution style of the failure has been significantly high in the aspects of self-sufficiency, psychological pressure and weak mental condition. As for the attribution style as a result of prize winning, all the types of the players having the experience of prize winning at success attribution have showed significantly high, as for the failure attribution, it has showed a high average scores in the poor conditioning and weak mental condition of the players having the experience the experience of winning prizes, showing the remarkable difference. In order to find out the degree of the counterpart attribution and how much we can predict the success and failure attribution by task and ego-orientation variation according to yes of no of winning prize, we have carried out the stepwise regressing analysis. As for the prediction variation the, mental toughness only by task-orientation and ego-orientation significantly explained the acounterpart analysis. On the contrary, the players who have not won any prize, they are explaining the mental toughness and luck as the task-orientation. As for the failure attribution of the goal-orientation to the players who have won the prize, it has never been predicted about the failure attribution but the players who have won the prize the task-orientation significantly explains the lack of teamwork. As for ego-orientation, the weak mental condition and psychological pressure are is significantly explained. Key Words attribution style, success attribution, failure attribution, rowing, goal orientation
The Analysis on Relation of Achievement Goal Orientation and Physical Self-efficacy 스포츠심리학 : 성취목표성향과 신체적 자기효능감 관계 분석 육동원YugDongWon , 신정택SinJeongTaeg 42(5) 171-180, 2003 Title The Analysis on Relation of Achievement Goal Orientation and Physical Self-efficacy 스포츠심리학 : 성취목표성향과 신체적 자기효능감 관계 분석 육동원YugDongWon , 신정택SinJeongTaeg DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was to present positive data which can help to enhance sport-performance by examining the relation of achievement goal orientation and physical self-efficacy. The subjects were composed 95 bowling athletics and 98 persons registred at community-based club. Questionaries used in this study was made by Duda and Nicholls(1988) to measure achievement-goal orientation. Also, this study used questionaries revised by Hong, Sun-Ok to measure physical-self efficacy. Data analyses were derived through the use of Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS 10. 0). The following results are based upon the findings of this study: Firstly, In achievement goal orientation difference according to group and event, there were significant differences in both ego-goal orientation and task-goal orientation. Also, In achievement goal orientation difference according to level, there were significant differences in both ego-goal orientation and task-goal orientation. Secondly, In physical self-efficacy difference according to sex and level, there were significant differences in both perceived -physical ability and physical-self presentation confidence. Thirdly, the relationship between achievement goal orientation and physical self-efficacy difference, the physical self-efficacy difference was closely related to achievement goal orientation and research model established in this study was validity. Key Words achievement goal orientation, physical self-efficacy
A study on the dependence of information processing as a function of Index of Difficulty and experience of motor timing task 스포츠심리학 : 타이밍 과제의 경험과 난이도에 따른 정보처리 의존성에 관한 연구 윤기운YunGiUn , 이루지LeeLuJi 42(5) 181-189, 2003 Title A study on the dependence of information processing as a function of Index of Difficulty and experience of motor timing task 스포츠심리학 : 타이밍 과제의 경험과 난이도에 따른 정보처리 의존성에 관한 연구 윤기운YunGiUn , 이루지LeeLuJi DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze conflict of information processing as a function of motor task experience and index of difficulty. Eighty students(males) in middle school participated as volunteer subjects in the experiment. The experimental design was three factor mixed design with repeated measure. Independent variables was motor task experience and index of difficulty and Dependent variables was absolute error of timing. The results of this study were as follows: The first, there was significant difference on the absolute error of timing between groups as a function of motor task experience. The second, A significant main effect was not found for index of difficulty conditions. The third, No significant motor task experience X index of difficulty interaction effect was found for the absolute error of timing. In conclusion, When two conflicting sources of information are available, the learner` task experience influences his selection of feedback information to guide performance without index of difficulty. Key Words motor mearning, imformation processing, timming
The effects of Self-controlled Feedback on the Performance and Learning of Fencing Fente 스포츠심리학 : 자기통제 피드백이 펜싱 찌르기 동작의 수행 및 학습에 미치는 영향 한남익HanNamIk 42(5) 191-199, 2003 Title The effects of Self-controlled Feedback on the Performance and Learning of Fencing Fente 스포츠심리학 : 자기통제 피드백이 펜싱 찌르기 동작의 수행 및 학습에 미치는 영향 한남익HanNamIk DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate where a feedback schedule controlled by learner would be a more effective means of delivering feedback than any predetermined feedback schedules. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three conditions : control condition, yoked condition and experimental condition. Data obtained from all subjects in four acquisition and two retention trials blocks were analyzed with two separate analyses of variance for each of four error scores. Dependent measures were absolute error, variable error, radial error and directional angle error. Analysis on the experiment indicated a significant main effect for the trial blocks during the acquisition and retention phase. The feedback condition×trial block interaction for the variable error was significant during the acquisition phase. Key Words feedback, self-control, knowledge of results
The Search of Elementary Physical Education Instructional Strategies 스포츠교육학 : 초등학교 체육수업의 교수전략 탐색 고문수GoMunSu , 이재용LeeJaeYong 42(5) 203-212, 2003 Title The Search of Elementary Physical Education Instructional Strategies 스포츠교육학 : 초등학교 체육수업의 교수전략 탐색 고문수GoMunSu , 이재용LeeJaeYong DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was to explore effective elementary physical education instructional strategies of three elementary teachers. They majored secondary physical education before employment as elementary physical education specialists. Interview, non-participant observation, and document analysis were conducted to the three elementary physical education specialists. A constant comparative method(Glaser & Strauss, 1967) was used to analyze collected data. In teaching styles, the elementary teachers tended to follow the teaching format of explaining tasks first, providing teacher or student demonstrations, and having their students practice motor skills lastly. They were flexible in implementing their ideas of teaching elementary physical education and tried to accommodate the individual differences in motor skill levels. They made attempts to reduce unnecessary waiting time of students and to increase ALT-PE. They endeavored to maximize the participation of students and the joy of physical activities. In task presentations of their area of expertise, they were confident in providing specific learning cues and accurate demonstrations. In contrast, they were limited in presenting learning cues and demonstrations of their area of non-expertise. Key Words elementary physical education specialists, instructional strategies
Effects of Preschool Physical Education on the Sociality and Emotionality 스포츠교육학 : 유아체육 교육이 유아 사회성과 정서에 미치는 영향 김상국KimSangGug , 이광욱LeeGwangUg , 한용철HanYongCheol 42(5) 213-219, 2003 Title Effects of Preschool Physical Education on the Sociality and Emotionality 스포츠교육학 : 유아체육 교육이 유아 사회성과 정서에 미치는 영향 김상국KimSangGug , 이광욱LeeGwangUg , 한용철HanYongCheol DOI: Abstract We investigated the connections of the sociality and emotionality in preschool children through 24 weeks physical education program. We also examed the difference of the sociality and emotionality between physical activity group and without physivcal activity group in preschool. Participants in this survey were 172 children(80 male and 92 female) from two preschool in Inchon City, Korea. The Sociality and Emotionality Development Inventory(the Ministry of Education, 1984) was used in this study. The results obtained from independent group t-test and one way analysis of variance(ANOVA) showed that the physical activity group was significantly higher than the without physical activity group in terms of the sociality and emotionality. The results of this research also showed that the independence for teacher, the locus of control, the reciprocal action with fellows, the sense of security, the accompletion motive, and the curiosity were influenced by the physical education program. In summary, this study showed that physical education program directly effect on children`s sociality and emotionality in preschool. Key Words preschool, physical education, sociality & emotionality
The Effects of Portfolio Assessment Instruction System in Physical Education Class 스포츠교육학 : 포트폴리오 평가방식 수업이 체육과 교수-학습의 통합성과 학습목표 달성에 미치는 효과 김승재KimSeungJae , 오수일OSuIl , 박기동ParkGiDong , 박인서ParkInSeo 42(5) 221-230, 2003 Title The Effects of Portfolio Assessment Instruction System in Physical Education Class 스포츠교육학 : 포트폴리오 평가방식 수업이 체육과 교수-학습의 통합성과 학습목표 달성에 미치는 효과 김승재KimSeungJae , 오수일OSuIl , 박기동ParkGiDong , 박인서ParkInSeo DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of portfolio assessment instruction system on physical education teaching-learning in high school by ethnographic approach. This study focuses on the efficiency of integration of teaching-assessment, the efficiency of achievement of learning goal and the effectiveness of student-centered instruction. This study was compared out of two classes of the first-year students in S High School of Uijeongbu City in which one class hired portfolio assessment and the other applied traditional assessment. Data collection was made by employing participant observation, narrative observation, in-depth interview and descriptive survey. The Data collected were analyzed by using taxonomic analysis, causal chain analysis, process analysis, frequency analysis and learning time analysis. As the result of the interview with students and the analysis of descriptive survey, students thought portfolio assessment instruction was a proper method and was helpful in achieving learning goal. Consequently portfolio assessment instruction was very effective in integrating teaching and assessment. Learning achievement result in cognitive domain also revealed higher than traditional assessment groups. Portfolio assessment instruction was very helpful in improving the goals in affective domain with the help of the interaction among students, the interaction between students and teachers and self-evaluation process. Key Words portfolio assessment instruction system
The Relationships among Perception on Coaching Behaviors, Athlete Satisfaction and Performance of Sports Type 스포츠교육학 : 스포츠유형별 코칭행동 인식과 선수만족 및 경기력의 관계 김종욱KimJongUg , 이정수LeeJeongSu , 장갑석JangGabSeog , 정종환JeongJongHwan , 이제행LeeJeHaeng 42(5) 231-238, 2003 Title The Relationships among Perception on Coaching Behaviors, Athlete Satisfaction and Performance of Sports Type 스포츠교육학 : 스포츠유형별 코칭행동 인식과 선수만족 및 경기력의 관계 김종욱KimJongUg , 이정수LeeJeongSu , 장갑석JangGabSeog , 정종환JeongJongHwan , 이제행LeeJeHaeng DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships among perception of coaching behaviors, athlete satisfaction and performance of type of sports. The instrument for data collection was a questionnaire in which coaching behavior consisted as identified by Chelladurai and Saleh(1980) and translated by Kim(1990), and athlete satisfaction consisted as identified by Chae(1997). 400 subjects were selected from universities in Seoul by the stratified cluster sampling method. Among these selected subjects, 378 responded, and data analyses consisted of employing descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, multiple-regression using SPSS/PC version 11.0. First, perception of coaching behaviors and athlete satisfaction differ statistically and partially according to socio-demographic variable. Second, athlete satisfaction and performance statistically and significantly influence coaching behaviors with a magnitude in the listed order. Third, athlete satisfaction statistically and significantly influence performance. Key Words perception of coaching behaviors, athlete satisfaction, performance of type of sports
Dancesport Instructors’ Attitude Towards Dancesport 스포츠교육학 : 댄스스포츠 지도자들의 댄스스포츠에 대한 태도 박은지ParkEunJi , 손천택SonCheonTaeg 42(5) 239-252, 2003 Title Dancesport Instructors’ Attitude Towards Dancesport 스포츠교육학 : 댄스스포츠 지도자들의 댄스스포츠에 대한 태도 박은지ParkEunJi , 손천택SonCheonTaeg DOI: Abstract This study aimed to reveal the attitude of instructors on dancesport. Towards this end, data were collected through interview and observation of four dancesprot instructors who are currently teaching in a dancesport institute, a social education center and a cultural center located in Seoul and suburban areas. Seidmans phenomenological analysis was used to analyze the collected research informations and materials(Seidman, 1998). Based on the analysis of the collected data, the following conclusions were reached: Prior Studies stated that although many dancesport instructors have a positive cognition toward dancesport, they are still not satisfied with their profession due to the bad perception on them, non-unified teaching system, low salary, and other idiosyncrasies. In contrast, this study showed that the attitude of dancesport instructors towards dancesport is very positive. In particular, their attitude towards their profession was found to be positive or neutral. Specifically, they consider dancesport a very useful and valuable physical activity in improving health, relieving stress, developing sociability, and expressing the beauty of the body or movement. They also expressed dissatisfaction regarding their professions low social status, negative image of existing dancesport instructors, lack of system, partial scoring of judges, and conflict of interest between associations and other related groups, among others. Nonetheless, they accept dancesport for what it is and keep trying to overcome the problems and establish a good reputation and positive image as a dancesport instructor by improving their teaching skill and developing a more diverse class curriculum. They believe that this is what they will do for the rest for their life. Key Words attitude, toward dancesport
Strategies to develop conceptual understanding on learning task: Enhancing teaching effectiveness of sport educator 스포츠교육학 : 학습과제에 대한 인지적 이해 개발전략 사회체육지도자의 교수효율성 제고 유상석YuSangSeog 42(5) 253-261, 2003 Title Strategies to develop conceptual understanding on learning task: Enhancing teaching effectiveness of sport educator 스포츠교육학 : 학습과제에 대한 인지적 이해 개발전략 사회체육지도자의 교수효율성 제고 유상석YuSangSeog DOI: Abstract The purpose of this paper is to address possible strategies to enhance the learner`s development of conceptual understanding on learning task. Development of conceptual understanding allow learner to focus on important aspects of performance so that it provides an effective shortcut for learning achievement. Sport for All context has great advantages over school physical education in terms of level of learner`s motivation, number of learner, types of learning activity, facility, allotment of class time and so on. First strategy is to implement task analysis to elicit sub-skills and cues for efficiency of performance. Second is to task presentation in effective manners. For this, set-induction, verbal and visual explanation, and questioning are using to enhance conceptual understanding. Last strategy to develop conceptual understanding is to deliver effective feedback. However, it is impossible for sport educator to provide enough feedbacks. Thus, it is strongly recommended to utilize peer feedback system to facilitate conceptual understanding by provision of more feedback. Key Words conceptual understanding, learning, teaching effectiveness
Comparative Analysis of the Games in the Physical Education Textbooks of the 6th and 7th Elementary School Curriculum 스포츠교육학 : 초등학교 제6·7차 체육 교과서에 나타난 게임활동 비교분석 이덕영LeeDeogYeong 42(5) 263-279, 2003 Title Comparative Analysis of the Games in the Physical Education Textbooks of the 6th and 7th Elementary School Curriculum 스포츠교육학 : 초등학교 제6·7차 체육 교과서에 나타난 게임활동 비교분석 이덕영LeeDeogYeong DOI: Abstract This paper aims at giving practical aid to the next curriculum reform and to the filed application of game activities among functional exercise areas of the elementary physical curriculum. For this purpose, this paper used comparative analysis for the subject contents organization by grades of the game activities presented in the 7th curriculum that is performed at the current elementary school field, and inspected the difficulty degree of the contents and the appropriateness of the lessons, and reached the following results. First, the 7th curriculum organizes the game activity area by the principles of minimalism, simplification, and integration. Second, the 7th curriculum expands the learning scope by adopting the concept of ‘minimal required contents’ and ‘selective contents’ to allow teachers to reorganize the contents according to the level of the school and students. But the criteria of the division of the required and selective activities are clearly defined. Third, the basic movements are appropriately organized in the 3rd and 4th grade for students to master to basic functions in non-moving, moving, operational moving which are necessary in various sports activities. But the degree of power and the variety of direction that are necessary in understanding the space relationship and learning the operational movements have not been mentioned or poorly dealt. Forth, athletics activities are desirably organized to have students learn the basic movements and then apply the skills to the game activities. Fifth, the ball activities are properly organized by adopting on the understanding centered game model that focuses on the development of problem-solving skills rather than partial function learning. But since the football, basketball and other ball games using the net are organized as selective activities in the 3rd and 4th grade, the higher-level functions in those activities in the 5th and 6th grade cannot be learned. To secure continuous learning, the in-depth learning of football and basketball in the 5th grade should be organized in the 6th grade and the baseball and other ball games using the net in the 6th grade should be organized in the 5th grade. Key Words game activities, basic movements, athleties activities, ball activities
The Relationship between Concerns and Psychological Readiness on Teachers Development Cycle 스포츠교육학 : 교사발달 주기에 따른 관심사와 심리적 준비성과의 관계 이종철LeeJongCheol , 조홍식JoHongSig 42(5) 281-291, 2003 Title The Relationship between Concerns and Psychological Readiness on Teachers Development Cycle 스포츠교육학 : 교사발달 주기에 따른 관심사와 심리적 준비성과의 관계 이종철LeeJongCheol , 조홍식JoHongSig DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between concerns and psychological readiness on teachers development cycle. For this, 220 teachers who get training in the physical education and 500 teachers of middle and high schools in Kyonggi-do, all 720 teachers were sampled an example using a purposive sampling method. The method of inquiry was a questionnaire. The collected data was enforced the analysis of one-way ANOVA and multiple regression using the SPSSWIN Ver 10.0. Therefore, it has got conclusions as follows: First, there were statistically significant difference according to teacher s age. for the information concerns, effect concerns, self concernsand and student concerns. on the contrary, there were no significant difference for the situation concerns. there were significant difference according to teacher s career. for the information concerns, self concerns and student concerns. while there were no significant difference for the effect concerns and situation concerns. Second, there were statistically significant difference according to teacher s age for the enthusiasm and responsibility. on the contrary, there were no significant difference for the accomplishment and engrossment. there were significant difference according to teacher s career. for the accomplishment while there were no significant difference for the enthusiasm, responsibility and engrossment. Third, the concern has had a significant influence upon the intention of the psychological readiness statistically. In part, the effective concern and the concern of self have not had an influence on it. Key Words teacher concerns, teacher development, psychological readiness
The Influence of Inferiority Complex Occurring in Sports Activities on Adolescent’s Ego-identity 사회체육 : 스포츠활동에서 발생하는 열등감이 청소년의 자아정체감에 미치는 영향 고홍렬GoHongLyeol 42(5) 295-311, 2003 Title The Influence of Inferiority Complex Occurring in Sports Activities on Adolescent’s Ego-identity 사회체육 : 스포츠활동에서 발생하는 열등감이 청소년의 자아정체감에 미치는 영향 고홍렬GoHongLyeol DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was to empirically examine the influence of inferiority complex occurring in sports activities on adolescent’s ego-identity. In order to empirically test the relationship, the data were collected from the sample of 800 adolescents who lived in Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas of Korea. The sample was selected using the methods of stratified cluster random sampling. Among the data from 800, 773 data were used for analysis after filtering the unreliable data. The collected data were analyzed to test the relationship using descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, factor analysis, analysis of variance, standard multiple analysis of SPSS/PC⁺ 11.0 version. From the above analysis, the following conclusions were obtained: Firstly, inferiority complex factors occurring in sports activities are following: major factors in male students are ‘social inferiority complex’ and female students are ‘physical inferiority complex’ Secondly, inferiority complex factors occurring in sports activities and adolescents’ ego-identity are partially differences by socio-demographic variable. Thirdly, inferiority complex factors occurring in sports activities and adolescents’ ego-identity are partially differences by trait of sports situations. Lastly, inferiority complexes occurring in sports activities are negative influences on adolescents’ ego-identity. Key Words inferiority complex, period of adolescent, sports activity
Influence of the Service of Golf Course Caddies` on Customers` Satisfaction and Post Purchase Behavior 사회체육 : 골프장 캐디 서비스가 고객 만족도 및 구매 후 행동에 미치는 영향 김석겸KimSeogGyeom , 최종진ChoeJongJin , 박찬규ParkChanGyu , 이병관LeeByeongGwan 42(5) 313-320, 2003 Title Influence of the Service of Golf Course Caddies` on Customers` Satisfaction and Post Purchase Behavior 사회체육 : 골프장 캐디 서비스가 고객 만족도 및 구매 후 행동에 미치는 영향 김석겸KimSeogGyeom , 최종진ChoeJongJin , 박찬규ParkChanGyu , 이병관LeeByeongGwan DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study is search the influence of the factor of golf caddies’ service on customers’ satisfaction and behavioral intention after purchasing. In order to attain this purpose, the survey of 600 users of golf links experiencing caddies’ service in golf links among two golf practice rangers for members and 6 driving ranges located in Chungchung South Province now in 2002 has been conducted for this study, and then, 545 samples excluding 25 samples whose answers were insincerely have been used by making use of convenience sampling method. To deal with the data, factor analysis and multiple regression analysis have been conducted. Consequently. the results obtained through the research procedure and the process of handling data as the above is a follows. First, the influence of the factor of caddies’ service on customers’ satisfaction is special service, basic service and grounding service in order. Second, the influence of the factor of caddies’ service on repeated purchasing intention is basic service, grounding service and special service in order. Third, the influence of the factor of caddies’ service on recommendation intention by others is grounding service, basic service and special service in order. Key Words caddies, customers’ satisfaction, post purchase behavior
The Relationship between Value and Attitude and the Effect of Attitude in Dance Sports on Job Satisfaction of the Participated Teachers in Dance Sports 사회체육 : 댄스스포츠 참여교사의 가치와 태도의 관계 및 댄스스포츠 태도가 직무만족에 미치는 영향 김인형KimInHyeong 42(5) 321-330, 2003 Title The Relationship between Value and Attitude and the Effect of Attitude in Dance Sports on Job Satisfaction of the Participated Teachers in Dance Sports 사회체육 : 댄스스포츠 참여교사의 가치와 태도의 관계 및 댄스스포츠 태도가 직무만족에 미치는 영향 김인형KimInHyeong DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study is providing raw data in order to activate dance sports as a wholesome leisure sports and raise their job satisfaction in the end by examining and analyzing how the attitude can be affected by the elementary school teachers` value for dance sports as a leisure activity and how the job satisfaction can be influenced by the attitude on dance sports. The survey was conducted with 148 elementary school teachers(31 males and 117 females) in Busan who have participated dance sports more than 3 months. The appropriateness of the process model was examined and the relative influencing power of the variables was presumed through the analysis of the process using LISREL 8.30 based on the collected materials. The physical attitude on dance sports affects the righteous attitude directly and influence the behavioral attitude directly and indirectly through the righteous attitude. Also, is was shown that the psychological value on dance sports had an significant effect on the recognizing attitude directly and the righteous attitude directly and indirectly through the recognizing attitude and didn`t affect directly the behavior attitude, but did indirectly through the righteous attitude. The social value on dance sports only influenced the behavior attitude directly. The righteous attitude was affected by the recognizing attitude on dance sports and the behavior attitude was affected directly by the righteous attitude. 2) It was revealed that the job satisfaction was affected directly only by the behavior attitude on dance sports. Key Words dance sport, job satisfaction
A Difficulty on the Field Adaptation of Swimming Instructors 사회체육 : 수영생활체육지도자의 초기현장적응의 어려움 김현식KimHyeonSig 42(5) 331-341, 2003 Title A Difficulty on the Field Adaptation of Swimming Instructors 사회체육 : 수영생활체육지도자의 초기현장적응의 어려움 김현식KimHyeonSig DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was to describe the swimming instructors’ difficult in the field adaptation. To achieve this purpose, qualitative case study was conducted for 10 swimming instructors who was working at public sports facilities located in Seoul. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documents were analyzed using Spradley’s(1980) cultural analysis method. During data collection and analysis, data were continuously verified for reliability, validity and ethics. The swimming instructors’ difficult in the field adaptation consisted of the instruction, human relations, administrative job, manager’s perception, conflict with other departments, and social perception. Key Words field adaptation, swimming instructors
The Causal Relationship Model among Lifestyle, Handy, and Consumer Intention of Golfers participating in Sport for All 사회체육 : 골프장 내장객의 라이프스타일과 핸디 및 구매의도 간의 인과관계 김홍석KimHongSeog 42(5) 343-352, 2003 Title The Causal Relationship Model among Lifestyle, Handy, and Consumer Intention of Golfers participating in Sport for All 사회체육 : 골프장 내장객의 라이프스타일과 핸디 및 구매의도 간의 인과관계 김홍석KimHongSeog DOI: Abstract The principal purpose of this study is to analyze closely the causal effects among lifestyle, handy, and consumer intention of golfers participating in sport for all. For this purpose the research was administered to using materials of 279 male and female workers participating in golf club in Seoul and Kyungkido, Data were collected through samples by means of cluster sampling method. The questionnaire for data collection of this study was based on those used in previous studies among lifestyle, health promotion behavior, and school organization satisfaction scales, and used them after examing the verification of validity and reliability through pilot test. The methods of Statistics used to analyze the collected datas were multiple regression analysis. The following is conlusions brought through these analyzing methods and process in this study. Hopothesis Ⅰ was selected to optimal casual model. Hopothesis Ⅱ was selected to optimal casual mode. Hopothesis Ⅲ was selected to optimal casual mode. Key Words golf, lisfestyle, consumer intention
Research on the Physical Activity Desire and Actual Conditions among Military Servicemen 사회체육 : 군인의 체육활동 실태 및 요구조사 -육군 의무복무병사를 중심으로- 박승용ParkSeungYong , 임승엽ImSeungYeob , 김경배KimGyeongBae 42(5) 353-367, 2003 Title Research on the Physical Activity Desire and Actual Conditions among Military Servicemen 사회체육 : 군인의 체육활동 실태 및 요구조사 -육군 의무복무병사를 중심으로- 박승용ParkSeungYong , 임승엽ImSeungYeob , 김경배KimGyeongBae DOI: Abstract The purpose of this research is to examine the physical activity desire and actual conditions among Military Servicemen. In this research to achieve the research purpose, set up military servicemen as a population, and finally analyze 1,236 military servicemen as a sampling by proportional stratified cluster random sampling. Results based on this research method and data analysis are as follows: - The most important value in physical activity is to preserve one’s health and to improve one’s physical fitness. - Physical activity is considered as an important activity. - Physical activity is known to help life in the barracks, buildup of war potential, and prevent accidents. - It shows that they are somewhat dissatisfied about the facilities and the equipment as well as the amount of time they have to put in for the activity. - During their free time they usually TV. - They frequently miss their army physical activities as well as physical activities they do on their free time due to the piled up work. - They usually do their army physical activities and leisure time activities in the drill ground. - Army physical activities as well as leisure time activities are considered as highly needed activities. - The dissatisfaction they show while doing army physical activities and leisure time activities is due to the fact that they don’t have enough time to work out. - The sport that is practice the most is soccer and basketball. - The sports they most want to try in the future are swimming, Kumdo(swordsmanship) and boxing. - The sports they want to continue doing is soccer and basketball. - The leisure facilities that need the most expansion are the computer facilities and the resting room. - The physical activity facilities that need the most expansion is the indoor gymnasium and the health center. - The best policy for promoting physical activity is to expand the facilities and to guarantee them enough time to exercise. Key Words military servicemen, physical activity actual conditions, research on desire
Assessment for the Model Predicting of the Defection Probability in the Fitness Club Members by the Method of Data Miming Technique 사회체육 : 데이터 마이닝 기법간의 스포츠센터 고객 이탈가능 예측성 평가 박진기ParkJinGi 42(5) 369-377, 2003 Title Assessment for the Model Predicting of the Defection Probability in the Fitness Club Members by the Method of Data Miming Technique 사회체육 : 데이터 마이닝 기법간의 스포츠센터 고객 이탈가능 예측성 평가 박진기ParkJinGi DOI: Abstract The present study was conducted to predict the probability of defection from the membership in the monthly members of a fitness club by segmenting them into defector customers and maintainers. Through this process, it attempted to provide a basis for more successful management of potential defection, by introducing data mining. All the analysis tools were compared with one another to determine which one was the most effective in predicting the probability of membership defection. As a result, the prediction rate was highest in C5.0 (83.19%), and then Neural Networks (75.21%), logistic regression analysis (69.52%) and CART (68.17%) followed it. The cross-tabulation analysis conducted to compare the predicted values yield by these 4 analyses demonstrated that the values corresponded with one another by 89.47%. Therefore, C5.0 was found to be the best analysis tool that have highest rate of prediction. Collectively, the above-mentioned findings suggested that C5.0 was found to be more effective than Neural Networks, logistic regression analysis or CART in the final stage of developing the fitness club membership defection prediction. Applying these prediction models to customer management and business strategy, fitness club management or decision makers will be able to maximize the effects of customer-relations marketing. Customer segmentation using the existing customer information would make it possible to figure out the characteristics of those who discontinue their membership. Finally, data mining is necessary in orienting the marketing strategies and activities in the sports consumer market so that they satisfy the actual needs of the market. In this connection, it is confirmed that data mining could be introduced to this market as part of the customer retention marketing efforts. Key Words data mining, segmentation defection, prediction, neural networks, logistic regression, CART, C5.0
The Relationship among Employees’ Participation in Type of Sports Activities, Their Followership, and Organizational Effectiveness 사회체육 : 직장인의 생활체육 참가형태와 폴로어십 및 조직유효성의 관계 최덕묵ChoeDeogMug 42(5) 379-388, 2003 Title The Relationship among Employees’ Participation in Type of Sports Activities, Their Followership, and Organizational Effectiveness 사회체육 : 직장인의 생활체육 참가형태와 폴로어십 및 조직유효성의 관계 최덕묵ChoeDeogMug DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of employees’ participation in type of sports activities on their followership, and organizational effectiveness. In order to achieve the objective, people, who participate in sports activities presently in 2002 in Seoul, were selected. And, the sample was collected from them. Sampling framework was made and stratified cluster random sampling was dome in sampling area. Among sampled 500 people, total number of people, who were used in this study, was 423, except for unreliable data. Using the SPSS 11.0 Version program, statistical methods utilized for testing the hypotheses were Cronbach’s α, descriptive statistics, Correlation, Multiple Regression Analysis. From the analyses of the data, the following conclusions of the study were obtained: First, there is a significant differences in the relationship between types of employees’ participation in sports activities and their followership. Second, the there is a significant differences in the relationship between types of employees’ participation in sports activities and organizational effectiveness. Third, the influence of employees’ participation in type of sports activities have positively influence on organizational effectiveness. Key Words followership, organizational effectiveness
A Study on Therapeutic Recreation Acceptance in Psychiatrists 여가,레크리에이션 : 정신과 의사의 치료레크리에이션 수용 요인 분석 고용주GoYongJu 42(5) 391-400, 2003 Title A Study on Therapeutic Recreation Acceptance in Psychiatrists 여가,레크리에이션 : 정신과 의사의 치료레크리에이션 수용 요인 분석 고용주GoYongJu DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study is positively to examine acceptance of therapeutic recreation through using structural equation modeling in psychiatrists. In order to get purpose of this study, factor of sports commitment and degree of sports commitment are established as exogenous latent variables and law-abiding role character, emotional role character, objective acceptance, empirical acceptance, and subjective acceptance are established as endogenous latent variables. The subjects of this study collected by method of purposive sampling are 164. Psychiatrists in mental hospitals like departments of general hospital are set as the subjects. Every survey papers are filled out by self-administered method in psychiatrists and structural equation modeling and descriptive analysis in LISREL version 8.25 and SPSSWIN version 11.5 analyze data decided as valid subjects from survey of this study. Followings are what this study get something as results: 1. The initially structural equation model based on experience data through overall fit measure is not fitted. 2. Finally modified structural equation model, which remove non-contributable factors for fitting model, is fitted. 3. Variable of sports commitment factors and degree influence objective acceptance and empirical acceptance (-) is affected by variable of sports commitment degree. In conclusion, therapeutic recreation could be accepted by objective acceptance and empirical acceptance through variable of sports commitment factors and degree as substituted therapy to people who have mental problem. Key Words therapeutic recreation
A Study on Leisure Satisfaction, Leisure Attitude and Mental Health State of Female College Students 여가,레크리에이션 : 여자대학생의 여가만족 여가태도 그리고 정신건강에 관한 연구 이복희LeeBogHui 42(5) 401-409, 2003 Title A Study on Leisure Satisfaction, Leisure Attitude and Mental Health State of Female College Students 여가,레크리에이션 : 여자대학생의 여가만족 여가태도 그리고 정신건강에 관한 연구 이복희LeeBogHui DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate leisure satisfaction, leisure attitude and Mental Health State of Female College Students. The subjects were 270 female students at a women’s college. The SCL-47-R, Leisure Satisfaction Scale(LSS) and Leisure Attitude Scale(LAS) were used for examination. The collected data were analyzed using the Independent Samples T-Test, which is on SPSS-WIN 10.0 program. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1. The group of higher Mental Health State showed significant increase in Leisure Satisfaction level than lower group(p.<.05). There were also significant increased in three of the six sub-factors of Leisure Satisfaction Scale(LSS): Psychological Satisfaction(p<.05), Educational Satisfaction(p<.05) and Environmental Satisfaction(p<.05). 2. The group of higher Leisure Satisfaction showed significant increase in Mental Health State than lower group(p.<.01). There were also significant increased in six of the nine sub-factors of Mental Health State: Obsessive-Compulsive reaction(p<.05), Anxiety(p<.05), Interpersonal Sensitivity(p<.001), Depression(p<.001) Hostility(p<.01) and Psychoticism(p<.001). 3. The group of higher Leisure Attitude showed affirmative result in Mental Health State than lower group but was not appeared significant difference. Key Words leisure satisfaction, leisure attitude, mental health state, female college students
Skiers’ different commitment and behavioral intention to skiing according to the level of specialization 여가,레크리에이션 : 스키어의 전문화와 스포츠 몰입 미래의 행동의도와의 관계 이승철LeeSeungCheol 42(5) 411-417, 2003 Title Skiers’ different commitment and behavioral intention to skiing according to the level of specialization 여가,레크리에이션 : 스키어의 전문화와 스포츠 몰입 미래의 행동의도와의 관계 이승철LeeSeungCheol DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among skiers’ commitment, behavioral intention, and specialization. An on-site survey was administered to a sample of 248 male and female skiers in Korea in 2001. Skiers’ specialization was measured using a revised version utilized by Greafe, Donnelly, and Vaske(1986) and Park(2001). Sport commitment was measured by the Expansion of the Sport Commitment Scale developed by Scanlan, Carpenter, Schmidt., and Simmons (1993). Behavioral intention was measured based on the work of An (1990). The data were analyzed by the simple regression analysis using the SPSS 10.0. The findings indicate that skiers’ specialization has positive influence on their commitment to skiing. It was also found that skiers’ specialization has positve influence on behavioral intention to repurchasing. The concept of specialization may aid ski resorts managers in understanding the skiers’ behavior and attitude. Recognizing the distinctive characteristics between specialists and generalists among skiers can aid managers in providing differentiated service to different segments of skiers, producing satisfied and loyal customers. Key Words skier, specialization, commitment, future behavior
The Process of Participation into the Internet Ski Club: Leisure Constraints 여가,레크리에이션 : 스키 인터넷 동호회 가입과정 -여가제약을 중심으로- 이연주LeeYeonJu , 김동진KimDongJin , 조남용JoNamYong 42(5) 419-430, 2003 Title The Process of Participation into the Internet Ski Club: Leisure Constraints 여가,레크리에이션 : 스키 인터넷 동호회 가입과정 -여가제약을 중심으로- 이연주LeeYeonJu , 김동진KimDongJin , 조남용JoNamYong DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was to provide the strategic and basic data to encourage the proliferation of sports participants through the investigation of the participation process into a internet ski club. The target club for my study have consisted of 141 members. Informants were 3. The sample was selected by purposeful sampling method. The results of this study, constraints happened in the mean time of the internet club participation process, are as follows: Internet sports club participants should overcome many constraints occurring in everyday life for his/her club activity: Internet sports club participants should overcome the relationship block formed by previous members: Internet sports club participants should take part in a off-line meeting at least one time: Internet sports club participants should be a member of specific friends group formed in the club for his/her free behavior. Key Words leisure constraints, internet sports club, club participation, leisure activity
Leisure Boredoms and Leisure Motivations in Leisure According to the types of Participation in Continuing Education Programs 여가,레크리에이션 : 평생교육 프로그램 참여자들의 여가동기에 따른 여가권태에 관한 연구 조남흥JoNamHeung 42(5) 431-439, 2003 Title Leisure Boredoms and Leisure Motivations in Leisure According to the types of Participation in Continuing Education Programs 여가,레크리에이션 : 평생교육 프로그램 참여자들의 여가동기에 따른 여가권태에 관한 연구 조남흥JoNamHeung DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study is of two folds: (1) to examine factors of leisure motivation and leisure constraint: and to present an alternative plan by analyzing leisure constraint in accordance to leisure motivation of urban worker. Subjects of this study were based on 277 urban workers in Seoul. Research methods implemented in this study consisted of questionaries(measured demographic variable), leisure motivation and leisure constraint. The results were consistent in showing correlation between the variables. In analyzing data collected from leisure motivation, gender (demographic variable) showed statistically significant difference in competence-cognitive motivation. Based on the relationship of age and income, sex, there were significant difference in intellectual motivation. In addition, statistically significant differences <--(do you mean negative correlation?) in physical activity were shown in terms of the following variables: age, marriage, and whether children were present in the household. In examining leisure constraint according to demographic variables, there were statistically significant <--(do you mean positive correlation?) differences in economic constraint depending on the mean income, matital status, and whether children were present in the household. According to age, there was statistically significant differences in the surrounding-conscious restraint. Finally, we studied whether or not relaxation as an indicator had correlation with intellectual motivation. As intellectual motivation had a statistically significant effect on economic and competence, surrounding-cognitive motivation had a positive correlation with time and economic constraint. Moreover, conscious constraint in regression analysis resulted in the effect of leisure motivation andleisure constraint. Key Words leisure boredom, leisure motivation
Developing a Context-free Leisure Constraint Scale 여가,레크리에이션 : 보편적 여가제약 척도의 개발을 위한 연구 지현진JiHyeonJin , 이철원LeeCheolWon 42(5) 441-449, 2003 Title Developing a Context-free Leisure Constraint Scale 여가,레크리에이션 : 보편적 여가제약 척도의 개발을 위한 연구 지현진JiHyeonJin , 이철원LeeCheolWon DOI: Abstract The purpose of the present study was to develop a new leisure constraint scale by modifying the one originally proposed by Crawford and Godbey(1987). The new constraint scale was designed to measure constraints on suspended leisure activities as well as those on new leisure activities. The subjects consisted of 129 male and 116 female students from three universities located in Seoul and Kangwon-Do. They were contacted by email and surveyed using an on-line questionnaire. An exploratory factor analysis revealed that the 24 items in the proposed scale could be grouped into eight factors of constraint on leisure such as ‘difficulty,’ ‘facility inconvenience,’ ‘lack of time,’ ‘lack of courage,’ ‘self-consciousness,’ ‘lack of interest,’ ‘cognitive dissonance,’ and ‘physical barriers.’ Also the provided results were the applications of the scale and suggestions for future studies. Key Words leisure constraint, leisure activity, measurement scale
The Pattern of leisure activities and leisure satisfaction by the use of informationization and leisure resources in house wife 여가,레크리에이션 : 가정주부의 정보이용도와 여가자원에 따른 여가활동 참여유형과 여가만족도 채환국ChaeHwanGug , 김석기KimSeogGi 42(5) 451-460, 2003 Title The Pattern of leisure activities and leisure satisfaction by the use of informationization and leisure resources in house wife 여가,레크리에이션 : 가정주부의 정보이용도와 여가자원에 따른 여가활동 참여유형과 여가만족도 채환국ChaeHwanGug , 김석기KimSeogGi DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the pattern of leisure activities and leisure satisfaction by the use of informatization and leisure resources in House Wife’. The study conducted on the subjects 291 house wife’ in Seoul, and is conducted questionnaire. The statistical method used for the analysis of this study Pearson’s Correlation, ANOVA and Ducan’s Multiple Range Test, Multiple Regression with SPSS/PC+10.0 Version for Windows. the results of this study are as Follows, First, there was significant difference on the pattern of leisure activites according to socio-demographic and economic variables(age, educational attainment). Second, the leisure resouece variables influence them. The higher leisure needs, leisure time, leisure cost is the higher degree participated in the pattern of leisure activities. Third, the higher the level of informationalization, the higher time-oriented pattern. And leisure time, leisure needs, natural-oriented pattern had an effect on leisure satisfation. Key Words leisure activities, leisure satisfaction, leisure resources
Analysis of tennis attributes and cognitive-psychological construct concepts variables effect on tennis participant adherence intention and drop intention 여가,레크리에이션 : 테니스 참가지속의도와 참가중단의도에 영향을 미치는 테니스 속성 및 인지심리적변인 분석 최성훈ChoeSeongHun , 김동진KimDongJin 42(5) 461-470, 2003 Title Analysis of tennis attributes and cognitive-psychological construct concepts variables effect on tennis participant adherence intention and drop intention 여가,레크리에이션 : 테니스 참가지속의도와 참가중단의도에 영향을 미치는 테니스 속성 및 인지심리적변인 분석 최성훈ChoeSeongHun , 김동진KimDongJin DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was to explain and predict the tennis participatn adherence intention and drop intention of university students. In early studies about tennis participants less work have been done about factors like attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, group confirmity pressure, face saving, and self efficacy, especially tennis attributes. The subjects for this study were 269 college students. The statistical method utilized in this study was factor analysis, pearson’s correlation, and multiple regression method through the SPSS 10.01 version for windows. Based on the above research methods and procedures, this study produced the following results. 1) Tennis attributes are ‘flow’, ‘image’, ‘female’, ‘technique’, ‘serve’, ‘term’, ‘constraint’, and ‘benefit.’ 2) Flow, technique, serve, term, constraint, and benefit are significant in attitudes(R^2=.648). 3) ‘Flow’, ‘technique’ in tennis attributes, Attitudes and group conformity pressure influence participant adherence intention(R^2=.525). 4) ‘Flow’, ‘technique’, ‘constraint’, and ‘benefit’ in tennis attributes, perceived behavior control, face saving, group conformity pressure, and self efficacy influence participant drop intention(R^2=.367). Key Words attributes, attitudes, subject norm, perceived behavior control, face saving, group conformity pressure, self efficacy
The relations between commercial sports managers` satisfaction and their organization identification 스포츠산업,경영 : 상업스포츠 종사자의 직무만족과 조직 동일시와의 관계 공창빈GongChangBin , 신충식SinChungSig , 유기성YuGiSeong 42(5) 473-482, 2003 Title The relations between commercial sports managers` satisfaction and their organization identification 스포츠산업,경영 : 상업스포츠 종사자의 직무만족과 조직 동일시와의 관계 공창빈GongChangBin , 신충식SinChungSig , 유기성YuGiSeong DOI: Abstract This research intends to identify that commercial sports managers’ personal characters and their official satisfactions affect their organization identification. For the purpose of that, we shall study the relations of the personal characters and their identities and the relations of their organization satisfactions and their identities targeting 272 managers engaged in sports centers so that we provide the managers with basic datum for their management of a change of occupation. Moreover they can increase the satisfaction of the customers using the sports centers, and the managers can also become higher their official satisfaction and their engagement identities. After verifying one-way ANOVA and post-test using SPSS 10.0version, we can reach a conclusion below listed. The relations between personal characters and their organization identities 1. There is no difference between the level of the manager’s organization identity and their sex. 2. There is no difference between the level of the manager’s organization identity and scholarship. 3. There is no differences between the level of the manager’s organization identity their age. 4. There is some differences between the level of the manager’s organization identity and their duties. 5. There is some differences between the level of the manager’s organization identity and their salary. 6. There is some differences between the level of the manager’s organization identity and their period of service in the position. B. The relations between their official satisfaction and their organization satisfaction 1. A constant is 1.352 and a value conforming to the official satisfaction is 0.703. So we can come to a conclusion because each presumed value is smaller than significance level 0.05 Key Words commercial sports managers, organizational satisfactions, organization identification
A Research of Economic effect of Korean Sports Industry by Input-Output Analysis 스포츠산업,경영 : 산업연관분석을 이용한 우리나라 스포츠 산업의 파급효과 분석 김예기KimYeGi 42(5) 483-495, 2003 Title A Research of Economic effect of Korean Sports Industry by Input-Output Analysis 스포츠산업,경영 : 산업연관분석을 이용한 우리나라 스포츠 산업의 파급효과 분석 김예기KimYeGi DOI: Abstract This study is to examine spill-over effect of Korean sports industry by using Input-Output table. This study analyzes sports industry divided into three sectors: sport-related goods sector, sport-related facility sector and sports-related service sector. Sports-related goods sector has the highest production-inducing effect, followed by sports-related facility sector and sports-related service sector. For value-adding effect, sport-related service sector is the most enormous followed by sports-related facility sector, and sport-related goods sector. In 2000, the expenditure in the central government’s budget was about ￦87.5 trillion and sport-related expenditure was about ￦169.9 billion, accounting for 0.19% of the whole expenditure. According to Input-Output Analysis based on the result of 1995 and 1998, the production inducing effect of expenditure for sports industry by central government was ￦332.2~￦343.5 billion, and its value-adding effect was ￦148.6~￦148.9 billion in 2000. Key Words production-inducing effect, value-adding effect, central government`s budget, sports-related expenditure
Effects of Service of Sports Administrative Organization on Contributional Expectation of Leisure and Sport and Customer Satisfaction 스포츠산업,경영 : 체육행정조직의 서비스가 고객만족과 사회체육공헌 기대감에 미치는 영향 김재현KimJaeHyeon 42(5) 497-506, 2003 Title Effects of Service of Sports Administrative Organization on Contributional Expectation of Leisure and Sport and Customer Satisfaction 스포츠산업,경영 : 체육행정조직의 서비스가 고객만족과 사회체육공헌 기대감에 미치는 영향 김재현KimJaeHyeon DOI: Abstract The purpose of the present study is to present promotional plans which can improve contributional expectation of leisure and sport and customer satisfaction via analyzing effects of quality of administrative service of sports administrative organization on contributional expectation of leisure and sport and customer satisfaction. 1060 persons who had experience in visiting physical departments of city halls and local government organizations and local branches of Korea sports council were participated as subjects and a questionnaire was used as an investigation tool. The results were as follows. Personal service, service of sports facilities and service of information offering had significant effects on quality of administrative service of sports administrative organization and levels of service of information offering had more significant effects on quality of administrative service of sports administrative organization than on the other variants. Quality of administrative service of sports administrative organization had significant effects on contributional expectation of leisure and sport and customer satisfaction. In conclusion, it is expected that improvement of quality of administrative service of sports administrative organization may facilitate participation in leisure and sport activities through increasing contributional expectation of leisure and sport and customer satisfaction. Key Words service of sports administrative
A Study on Evaluation of Value of Korean Professional Football Clubs through Media Value 스포츠산업,경영 : 미디어 가치를 통한 프로축구단 가치평가 연구 김종환KimJongHwan 42(5) 507-514, 2003 Title A Study on Evaluation of Value of Korean Professional Football Clubs through Media Value 스포츠산업,경영 : 미디어 가치를 통한 프로축구단 가치평가 연구 김종환KimJongHwan DOI: Abstract The purpose of the study research was to appropriate value of reasonable Korean Professional Football Club through media exposure index investigation. Media exposure index estimation used newspaper exposure analysis method by classified Club and Newspaper, investigation target, limited by Professional Football article which was printed in sports pages of 10 synthesis dailies. After Media exposure index imposed weight of each 50% in report frequency and report area. The result was as following. First of all, the relative value of Professional Football was available quantification. Relative value of classified by Korean Professional Football Clubs could do quantification by brand image index which this research have defined. Also, according to interrelation analysis of numerical value which is derived in index production formula, we can explain that as media exposure index is high, value is high. Secondly, media exposure index appeared high as team result is high. This truth was proving what media exposure indexes were high among high position Football teams which percentage of victories was high. This truth that This index which was decided by sporting newspaper report`s report frequency and area was receiving big effect in team results agrees with general customs. Through this research, thereafter, as adopting profit maximization model escaping in percentage of victories maximization model when professional club which was situated in definite point of inspection sport industry keep the balance in the black, activation of domestic sport industry can be made fast. If the time is advanced, Korean Professional Football Club would have to be operated focusing on club value raising. Key Words korean professional football clubs, media value, media exposure
A Study on Sports Star Image Components and Sports Involvement 스포츠산업,경영 : 스포츠 스타 이미지 구성요인과 스포츠 관여도 서진교SeoJinGyo , 최명일ChoeMyeongIl 42(5) 515-525, 2003 Title A Study on Sports Star Image Components and Sports Involvement 스포츠산업,경영 : 스포츠 스타 이미지 구성요인과 스포츠 관여도 서진교SeoJinGyo , 최명일ChoeMyeongIl DOI: Abstract The goal of this study is to utilize images of sports stars as a theoretical veritable. To do so, this study first loosk at what constitutes sports stars’ images. For this study, some descriptive adjectives were collected through open-ended questions. Others were selected from the Trait Descriptive Adjectives developed by psychologist, some of which are thought to be appropriate to describe sports players. In total, 74 adjectives were collected and made into a survey. According to the survey responses, images of sports stars are composed by seven categories: manliness, competitiveness, unsportsmanship, game-running ability, personality, confidence and charisma. In short, these seven categories and subsequent factors in each category explain 50.58% of how sports stars’ images are evaluated. This study looks at how the degree of involvement with or interest in sports affect how they evaluate stars’ images. Except for unsportsmanship, the more interested audiences are in sports, the higher they evaluate sports stars’ images in each category. Statistically, this is because highly-involved audiences actively go to or watch games or use sports-related cultural products. By doing so, they have more chances of having either direct or indirect contact with the sports stars, and thus they are more likely to evaluate those stars positively. Key Words sports star, sports star image components, sports involvement
The Sport Marketing Strategy after the World Cup 스포츠산업,경영 : 월드컵이후의 스포츠마케팅 전략 신동윤SinDongYun , 이성민LeeSeongMin , 조용찬JoYongChan 42(5) 527-538, 2003 Title The Sport Marketing Strategy after the World Cup 스포츠산업,경영 : 월드컵이후의 스포츠마케팅 전략 신동윤SinDongYun , 이성민LeeSeongMin , 조용찬JoYongChan DOI: Abstract 2002 Korea/Japan world cup soccer tournament was a celebration for the people around the world. This event was first held in Asia in the beginning of 21 century, which helped our sports industry to take one step further for better and helped our economical growth. This event also demonstrated the world peace without the violence and showed that this peace is possible. The tournament brought the best ideas for advertisements through T.V media and other sport of medias. Also the marketing effect that the world cup brought is unimaginable. Therefore, the marketing and present condition from the tournament must be understood, which can bring solutions to our sport marketing. The sport marketing strategy after the World Cup was as follows: 1) It is important to activate the naming right business. It means the enterprise lend the particular stadium`s name for long term. The enterprise`s name can be attached on stadium`s name. 2) It is important to activate indirect advertising. The merit of indirect advertising through the sport is to reduce advertisement expense and be heighten effect of advertisement. 3) It is important to activate the sponsorship for star players. The sponsorship for star players can implant positive effect which the enterprise can contribute in sport development to customers and secure a lot of friendly customers through raising the corporate image and believability to sports fans, latent customers. 4) It is important to plan the marketing operation through the professional sports league. From now, we have to plan the offensive marketing operation which can preoccupy the Asia market. Because it can get the high effect in China and Japan. 5) The World Cup game is the best sport event which can satisfy investment and effort of enterprises at short period. The reason why enterprises invest in sport marketing is to elevate a product`s sale, raise the image and do P.R of the enterprise. Enterprises needs to invest about sports more to go to first class enterprise in the world and needs to strategize the suitable strategy for maximizing effect. Key Words sport marketing, world cup
The Effect of Ski Lift Waiting Time on Service Quality Evaluation 스포츠산업,경영 : 스키장 리프트 대기시간이 서비스 품질 평가에 미치는 영향 오현환OHyeonHwan , 변경원ByeonGyeongWon 42(5) 539-548, 2003 Title The Effect of Ski Lift Waiting Time on Service Quality Evaluation 스포츠산업,경영 : 스키장 리프트 대기시간이 서비스 품질 평가에 미치는 영향 오현환OHyeonHwan , 변경원ByeonGyeongWon DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze relationship rift waiting time of ski resort, negative emotion caused by waiting for service and consumer`s perception of service quality and to provide useful information in developing marketing plan. the researchers visited three ski resorts in the country during the 2003 ski season and randomly selected ski customers who came to experience going on ski lift with the use of the cluster random sampling method and 283 out of 300 questionnaire were accepted for this research. This study were questionnaire developed by combing and modifying those that were waiting time, service evaluation developed by Park Yoo-Sik(2000) and negative cause emotion developed by Park Yoo-Sik(2000), Cho Tae-Young(1995) and negative emotion developed by Kwon Oh-Jun(1995), Tayler(1994). Analyses of data were performed by using SPSS/PC Version 10.0 and by employing descriptive analyses and simple Regression. The results are as follows: First, The practical wait time was measured 1.448 minutes more the hope time more many. Second, Among the factors of negative cause emotion in the practical wait time factor, control factor, general factor showed influence on negative emotion. Third, Among the factors of negative cause emotion in the practical wait time factor, general factor, practical use factor showed influence on service evaluation. Fourth, The relationship between negative emotion and service evaluation was found negative influence. Key Words waiting time, negative emotion, service quality evaluation
Effect of Fitness Clubs’ Environment and Strategy on Management Performance 스포츠산업,경영 : 종합체육시설업의 환경과 전략이 경영성과에 미치는 영향 이동운LeeDongUn , 조연철JoYeonCheol 42(5) 549-560, 2003 Title Effect of Fitness Clubs’ Environment and Strategy on Management Performance 스포츠산업,경영 : 종합체육시설업의 환경과 전략이 경영성과에 미치는 영향 이동운LeeDongUn , 조연철JoYeonCheol DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the environmental characteristics of general fitness club businesses on their management strategy and performance by using covariance structure analysis. After the structural model was designed to cover the relationship between external and internal environmental factors and between management strategy and performance, the intervariable causal relation was analyzed quantitatively. The covariance structure analysis was employed in this study to see how management strategy and performance were affected by the environmental characteristics. The findings of this study suggest that the management strategy of the general fitness club businesses is under a partial influence of the internal and external enviornmental factors, and that the management strategy gives a significant impact on management performance. Specifically, there were strong causal relations between almost all factors of the management strategy and of performance. Therefore, it`s concluded that formulating appropriate management strategies to go along with the fast-changing internal and external environment can lead to the best management performance. Key Words management performance, environment, strategy
An Analysis on the Service Satisfaction of Professional Football Facilities 스포츠산업,경영 : 프로축구 시설 서비스 만족에 관한 연구 임우택ImUTaeg 42(5) 561-574, 2003 Title An Analysis on the Service Satisfaction of Professional Football Facilities 스포츠산업,경영 : 프로축구 시설 서비스 만족에 관한 연구 임우택ImUTaeg DOI: Abstract This research was designed to examine how the direct consumer behavior of professional football fans by their involvement level influences their methods for the search for game-related information, ticket purchasing and their reasons for visiting a stadium. The sampling was drawn from the direct consumers who visited various stadiums to watch the Korean professional football matches in November of 2002. The group was selected using the Stratified Cluster Random Sampling. A total number of 240 spectators were chosen from 4 different stadiums of 4 matches throughout the country. For statistical analysis, SPSS for win 10.0 program was run to perform frequency analysis, crossing analysis and one-way ANOVA. The result reveals the following: First, the majority of the direct consumers at the soccer stadiums was consisted of male spectators with low-level involvement and female spectators with high-level involvement. Second, as monthly salary was low or high, low-level involvement was high among spectators. Third, there was a positive correlation between the level of education and the level of one’s involvement in the game. However, the relationship between the job type and the level of one’s involvement was marginal. Fourth, in terms of the method of purchasing tickets, all consumers of low, middle and high level involvement preferred buying the entrance tickets at the ticketing box. Fifth, people’s differing levels of involvement accounted for the varying reasons of game inspection. Sixth, soccer spectators are most heavily effected by the sheer fun of the game itself. Seven, soccer spectators were satisfied with using the buyout and restaurant among field facilities. Therefore, pro-soccer and association need to do systematic marketing operation with anything that can arouse interest of game itself. Key Words involvement level, behavior of professional football
A Comparative Study on Management Situation of Dance Academies 스포츠산업,경영 : 무용학원 경영현황 비교 분석 연구 전호문JeonHoMun , 임미현ImMiHyeon , 조선하JoSeonHa 42(5) 575-587, 2003 Title A Comparative Study on Management Situation of Dance Academies 스포츠산업,경영 : 무용학원 경영현황 비교 분석 연구 전호문JeonHoMun , 임미현ImMiHyeon , 조선하JoSeonHa DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the management situation of dance academies and the levels of satisfaction with dance academies and ultimately to provide fundamental information that is necessary for the effective management of dance academies. To this end, this study surveyed 387 students from 24 dance academies and 24 teachers who operate those academies. The instrument for this study was developed based on the previous research that dealt with the management of private academies and then revised with consultation of sport management professional. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, X², and t-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1) In the dance academy facilities, there were statitically significant differences in sizes (P=.046), air conditionings (P=.000), and heating systems (P=.000) between excellent and non-excellent academies. 2) In the dance academy quality of teaching program, there were statistically significant differences in number of creative lesson (P=.002) between excellent and non-excellent academies. 3) In the dance academy operation, there were statistically significant differences in number of students (P=.036) between excellent and non-excellent academies. 4) In the dance recognition, there were statistically significant differences in a possibility to attend one school continuously (P=.012) between excellent and non-excellent academies. In the dance academy satisfaction, there were statistically significant differences in equipment (P=.006), teaching (P=.004), and program (P=.000) between excellent and non-excellent academies. Key Words management situation of dance academies
The Effects of Students’ Satisfaction on Its Service Affecting Recommendation Intention of Taekwondo School 스포츠산업,경영 : 태권도장 서비스에 대한 만족도가 차후 태권도수련 추천의도에 미치는 영향 정억순JeongEogSun 42(5) 589-596, 2003 Title The Effects of Students’ Satisfaction on Its Service Affecting Recommendation Intention of Taekwondo School 스포츠산업,경영 : 태권도장 서비스에 대한 만족도가 차후 태권도수련 추천의도에 미치는 영향 정억순JeongEogSun DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate level of satisfaction of students attending the private Taekwondo school on its four services(facility, teachers’ talent, program contents, and managing ability) in order to effectively run it, and then to examine the effects of students’ satisfaction on its service affecting recommendation intention of Taekwondo school. In order to do so, 665 students in the five cities of Kangwon district was surveyed as subjects. The researcher modified the questionnaire developed by JW. Lee(2001) & WH. Lee(2001). Pilot study was conducted on 50 students attending KR Taekwondo school to measure the validity of the instrument, and Cronbach’s α was used to measure reliability of it. The reliability coeffcient for it was found to be α=.753-.816. In order to assess the level of satisfaction on service of Taekwondo school, a five point Likert Scale was used. The used statistical methods for the data analysis were descriptive statistics, t-test, One-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. For all analysis of the research questions, and alpha level of .05 was used. The major findings obtained from this study were as follows: First, in relation to the satisfaction of Taekwondo schools’ service, there was significant differences between male and female students, especially in teachers’ talent and program contents. Second, there was no significant differences among grade levels. Third, there was no significant differences among training periods, Fourth, among the service of Taekwondo school, the program contents and managing ability of students factors significantly influenced the recommendation intention of the Taekwondo school. Key Words satisfaction, taekwondo, service, recommendation intention
The Influence of Endorsement by Professional Golfers on Golf Consumers Purchasing Behavior 스포츠산업,경영 : 골프 선수 보증광고가 골프 소비자의 구매 행동에 미치는 영향 최경석ChoeGyeongSeog 42(5) 597-602, 2003 Title The Influence of Endorsement by Professional Golfers on Golf Consumers Purchasing Behavior 스포츠산업,경영 : 골프 선수 보증광고가 골프 소비자의 구매 행동에 미치는 영향 최경석ChoeGyeongSeog DOI: Abstract Professional sports have become one of the major spectacles of media culture. Celebrity athletes have been looked upon as role models because of their prominence in our society where virtuous and honorable role models are sometimes difficult to find. The popularity of athlete-endorsers is certainly not waning. The increasing use of athletes as product spor is in large part due to the ability of athletes to get the attention of the audience with source-credibility. The purpose of this study was to identify golf consumers’ decision-making process with the influence of the professional golfers’ endorsement. Data were collected from registrants of selected indoor golf ranges in Seoul and Busan areas during in spring 2001. The study utilized a quota sampling technique. Golfers who agreed to participate and who were over 20 years of age completed a brief on-site questionnaire. Respondents were given a brief verbal set of instructions explaining the purpose of the study and questionnaire. A response rate of .72% was attained, 505 yielding completed and usable questionnaires. The questionnaire for this study was adapted from instruments initially developed by other researchers. The respondents rated each of the items using a five point Likert scale where 5 = strongly agree and 1 = strongly disagree. The internal consistency of the scales were .58-.87 as measured by Cronbach alpha and thus found adequate to satisfactory level of internal consistency. The specific results are to below. as follows: The study found that positive toward a certain product due to endorsement facilitate positive decision-making process. In addition, it was noted that brand loyalty is expected in case of positive attitude change. It was also highlighted that behavioral loyalty actually increases attitudinal loyalty, and vice versa. In conclusion, an information processing approach, which stresses process rather than results, allows increased understanding of consumers’ psychological states of consumers. It is expected that marketing strategies, as well as theories, can be developed and implemented based on the findings. Key Words golf, endorsement, purchasing behavior
The social influence of understanding of parents into the students majoring in dance 무용학 : 부모에 대한 인식이 무용전공 학생에게 미치는 사회적 영향 김승일KimSeungIl , 유응욱YuEungUg 42(5) 605-619, 2003 Title The social influence of understanding of parents into the students majoring in dance 무용학 : 부모에 대한 인식이 무용전공 학생에게 미치는 사회적 영향 김승일KimSeungIl , 유응욱YuEungUg DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine empirically the influence of student’s understanding their parents on their social aspects of life who major in dance at university. For aim of this study, 430 students who are specializing in dance at 8 university in Seoul 2001 were sampled by use of stratified cluster random sampling. The questionnaire Hwang soon pil applied in (1997) and Doh & Falbo’s(1999) Social Capacity Scale’ item reutilized by Kin hyo jin were revised to gather data for this study. Statistics employed in this study were Factor Analysis, Descriptive Analysis, One-Way ANOVA and Standard Multiple Regression Analysis. Based on the Procedures and results, the following conclusions were warranted, First, male student’s affirmative respect and sympathetic understanding are more higher than female’s. The more grade of students show more higher understanding of their parents. Also in the birth order, the only son’s sympathetic understanding is highest and the middle-born’s is lowest. Second, the high grade student’s leadership is more higher than the low grade student’s, the only-son’s leadership is more higher than the other’s. But the object’s parents is older, the student’s Antisocial Behavior and Social Intercourse is more less. The student’s parents were more educated, the student’ leadership, Antisocial Behavior and Social intercourse is more higher. Third, the mother’s scholarship and the sympathetic understanding of parents is more higher, the respondent’s leadership-scale is more higher. and that the respondent’s mother is more younger and the father’s scholarship is more higher shows the respondent’s Antisocial Behavior Scale more higher. The female student’s Social intercourse who’s mother is more younger, the father’s scholarship is more higher and re show more credibility and affirmative respect to parents is more higher than other’s simportant role on understanding not only development history, phase of korea dance but understanding his artistic activity, artistic trait, artistic world. Key Words understanding of parents, social aspect
A Exploration of Some Determinant Variables Affecting Self Actualization of College Students Majoring in Dance 무용학 : 무용전공 대학생의 자아실현에 영향을 미치는 변인 탐색 김전미KimJeonMi 42(5) 621-630, 2003 Title A Exploration of Some Determinant Variables Affecting Self Actualization of College Students Majoring in Dance 무용학 : 무용전공 대학생의 자아실현에 영향을 미치는 변인 탐색 김전미KimJeonMi DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was to find out determinant factors related to self actualization of the college students majoring in dance. Research hypotheses and casual model were based on the previous studies and theories. Personal attributes, majors, perceived dance ability, significant others’ encouragements and interests, academic and dance achievement, and satisfaction of university life and major were set as independent variables, self actualization as a dependent variable. The sample were collected from 351 universities students who were majoring in dance in Seoul, Daejon, and Chungnam by using a purposive sampling method. Data were collected through the questionnaire. Correlation analysis, ANOVA analysis, regression analysis method were used in order to test hypotheses. Each hypothesis was tested at the signigicant level of .05. On the basis of the results analysed, the conclusions were drawn as followings: 1. The differences of personal attributes do not have a influence on self actualization. 2. There are no signifiant differences of self actualization among students majoring in korean dance, ballet, and modern dance. 3. The higher perceived dance ability, The higher self actualization of the students. 4. Friend’s encouragements and interests have positive influence on self actualization. 5. Dance achievement has a positive influence on self actualization, but academic achievement has a negative influence on self actualization. 6. The higher satisfaction of university life, The higher self actualization the students. Key Words self actualization, dance achievement, dance ability
The Study of Elderly peoples’ physical fitness improvement through the basic Korean dance movements 무용학 : 한국무용 동작을 통한 노인의 체력 증진에 관한 연구 이애덕LeeAeDeok , 이주립LeeJuLib 42(5) 631-637, 2003 Title The Study of Elderly peoples’ physical fitness improvement through the basic Korean dance movements 무용학 : 한국무용 동작을 통한 노인의 체력 증진에 관한 연구 이애덕LeeAeDeok , 이주립LeeJuLib DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the Korean dance effects to improve physical fitness of the elderly. This study was completed by elderly persons aged between 62-73 years in reference to a 16 weeks korean dance program. This study measered five basic fields of physical fitness - strength, agility, upper flexibility, lower flexibility, equilibrium - with comparison between the time before and after the execution of Korean dance program. For the data analysis was used Wilcoxon-signed-rank test. The result showed that strength was not statistically significant the rest of four tested fields(agility, upper flexibility, lower flexibility and equilibrium) were significant(p<.05). Based on this results, Korean dance program should be conducted actively as an activity of the elderly for improving their physical fitness. Key Words korean dance, physical fitness
The changes of blood stress related hormone concentration during ski jump 운동생리학 : 스키점프 선수들의 점프 시 혈중 스트레스 관련 호르몬 농도의 변화 김진해KimJinHae , 이장규LeeJangGyu 42(5) 641-647, 2003 Title The changes of blood stress related hormone concentration during ski jump 운동생리학 : 스키점프 선수들의 점프 시 혈중 스트레스 관련 호르몬 농도의 변화 김진해KimJinHae , 이장규LeeJangGyu DOI: Abstract We investigated that the change of heart rate(HR), Adreno-corticotropic hormone(ACTH), cotisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine in ski jumpers during resting, before and after jumping. Seven ski jumpers 20.3±1.8years, 79.3±4.8㎝, 60.1±4.1㎏, Career: 10.57±1.8years), who were participated in winter Universiade competition and are currently the members of the Korean National Ski Team, were recruited and performed a jump at the same condition with actual competition. Blood samples were collected from antecubital vein on three occations: resting, before & after jump. obtained on resting, before and after jumping. HR significantly increased at all time points. Compared to resting and pre-jump, norepinephrine concentration increased significantly after jump, while only slight, but not significant increase in epinephrine concentration has been observed. There was largely (31.9%) increased in ACTH before ski jump, and rapidly decreased after jump. Cortisol level, which can be represented of the stress degree, was not significantly altered at all time points. Similar to the cortisol, dopamine did not show significant change even though slight increase was revealed compared to the resting value. In conclusion, ski jump elevates the HR but it did not show consistent effects in blood stress hormones even though it seems increase both psychological and physical stress levels. Key Words ski jump, ACIH, epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, dopamine
The effect of rubber-band exercise on daily living fitness among stroke patient 운동생리학 : 고무밴드운동이 뇌졸중환자의 일상활동체력에 미치는 효과 김현수KimHyeonSu , 김남정KimNamJeong 42(5) 649-655, 2003 Title The effect of rubber-band exercise on daily living fitness among stroke patient 운동생리학 : 고무밴드운동이 뇌졸중환자의 일상활동체력에 미치는 효과 김현수KimHyeonSu , 김남정KimNamJeong DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of, and the adherence to, a 8-week community-based progressive resistance training program for unilateral stroke patient utilizing Thera-band (elastic rubber band). Ten men and 5 women[mean±SD, 69.5±1.4 years] performed three times per week, that is, one to three sets of 8-12 repetitions for each of 9 resistance exercises. Pre- and post-testing included knee extension/flexion strength testing, flexibility measures of the hip, gait speed, and muscle endurance. The exercises involved muscles of both the lower and upper body. Within the group, 13 of the 15 subjects (87%) completed the study. Of these subjects completing the study adherence to the three training sessions per week was about 90%. They demonstrated significant increases in knee flexion (23%, p<.01) and extension (24%, p< .05)) strength. Changes in gait speed (13.8%) and arm curl (18.3%) were not significant (p >.05), although subjects perceived gains in physical abilities after program. Up and Go test improved after training (p<.05), with speed increasing by 18.9% after training relative to baseline. These results suggest that community-based resistance training programs utilizing Theraband can serve as a practical and effective means of eliciting daily living fitness gains in stroke patients. Key Words stroke, rubber-band exercise, daily living fitness
The effect of winter season training program on blood creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and cortisol in judo athletics 운동생리학 : 유도선수들의 동계훈련 프로그램이 혈중 크레아틴키나제 젖산탈수소효소 및 코티졸에 미치는 영향 김현태KimHyeonTae 42(5) 657-665, 2003 Title The effect of winter season training program on blood creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and cortisol in judo athletics 운동생리학 : 유도선수들의 동계훈련 프로그램이 혈중 크레아틴키나제 젖산탈수소효소 및 코티졸에 미치는 영향 김현태KimHyeonTae DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was to invest a adaptation degrees in human body and training effects induced winter season training program for 8weeks in 6 judo athletics, Maximal exercise test was performed by blood CK, LDH, Cortisol, Exercise time in rest, post-exercise, recovery 30, 60minutes. Blood CK, LDH activity were significantly increased in training 4weeks, each exercise time were significantly increased in post-exercise. Cortisol concentration was showed graded increase, each exercise time were significantly increased in post-exercise. Exercise time was showed graded increase but no significant. These results indicated that winter season training program induced not properly training effects of stress in human body for 4weeks in early stage but after 4weeks was graded adaptation in training program. Therefore, It is suggested that winter season training program was consisted aerobic exercise training in early stage, From middle stage, would performed to combine aerobic exercise and resistance weight training. Key Words winter season training program, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, cortisol
The Effect of Acute Exercise At Various Exercise Modes On Plasma Volume Change, Blood Lipid and Lipoprotein-Cholesterol 운동생리학 : 다양한 운동형태의 일회성 운동이 혈장량과 혈중 지질 및 지단백 콜레스테롤에 미치는 영향 심윤택SimYunTaeg , 김광희KimGwangHui , 박동호ParkDongHo , 김도윤KimDoYun 42(5) 667-676, 2003 Title The Effect of Acute Exercise At Various Exercise Modes On Plasma Volume Change, Blood Lipid and Lipoprotein-Cholesterol 운동생리학 : 다양한 운동형태의 일회성 운동이 혈장량과 혈중 지질 및 지단백 콜레스테롤에 미치는 영향 심윤택SimYunTaeg , 김광희KimGwangHui , 박동호ParkDongHo , 김도윤KimDoYun DOI: Abstract Acute plasam volume change(PVC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) changes were determined in 18 healthy college aged-men completing three-counterbalanced running trials at different exercise intensities: trial 1 at 50%LT, trial 2 at 100%LT intensity and 75%LT intensity. For each trial, blood samples were collected at pre-exercise (baseline), immediately post-exercise (PE), 24 hours(24h) and 48 hours post-exercise. Serum samples were analyzed for HDL, LDL, VLDL, TC, and TG. In addition, capillary blood samples were collected for analysis of blood lactate concentrations during incremental test to determine LT. All samples were corrected for plasma volume changes and compared to pre-exercise (baseline). The result through the statistical analysis of plasma volume change and lipid profiles as follows: 1. PVC was not changes among the intensities while the differences of PVC over time were detected at 50%LT (baseline vs immediately post-exercise, p<.05) and 75% LT (immediately post-exercise vs 48h PE, p<.05). 2. No significant difference was determined in changes of HDL, LDL, VLDL, TG, and TC at various intensities over time. However, there was favourable changing tendency of HDL & TG at the 100%LT intensity. Consequently, exercise at LT intensity might favourably alter the lipid profile as demonstrated in increasing tendencies of 24h and 48h HDL concentrations in combination with decreasing tendencies of TG and VLDL at in 24h and 48h. Therefore, the 100%LT intensity might be the favourable threshold intensity of acute aerobic exercise (expending over 400 ㎉ or spending over 38min for exercise duration) necessary to promote a significant increase in HDL. Key Words plasma volume change, PVC, high-density lipoprotein, HDL, lipid, exercise intensity, lactate threshold, LT
The effect of exercise training and ethanol consumption on liver microsome cytochrome P4502E1 and GOT, GPT and LDH in obese Zucker rat 운동생리학 : 지구성 운동과 에탄올 섭취가 obese Zucker Rat 간 마이크로좀 CYP4502EI 발현과 혈청 GOT GPT LDH 활성도에 미치는 영향 양대승YangDaeSeung , 임예현ImYeHyeon , 김철현KimCheolHyeon , 강종석KangJongSeog , 조준용JoJunYong , 이규성LeeGyuSeong , 민춘기MinChunGi , 오유성OYuSeong 42(5) 677-685, 2003 Title The effect of exercise training and ethanol consumption on liver microsome cytochrome P4502E1 and GOT, GPT and LDH in obese Zucker rat 운동생리학 : 지구성 운동과 에탄올 섭취가 obese Zucker Rat 간 마이크로좀 CYP4502EI 발현과 혈청 GOT GPT LDH 활성도에 미치는 영향 양대승YangDaeSeung , 임예현ImYeHyeon , 김철현KimCheolHyeon , 강종석KangJongSeog , 조준용JoJunYong , 이규성LeeGyuSeong , 민춘기MinChunGi , 오유성OYuSeong DOI: Abstract This study investigated the expression of cytochrome P 4502E1 or level of liver functional parameters such as GOT, GPT and LDH. Many exogenous inducers of CYP4502E1 seem to increase CYP4502E1 by post-translational activation. This study shows that administration of a dose of ethanol (30%) produces a significant increase in the activity of the hepatic microsomal CYP4502E1 and level of GOT, GPT and LDH in obese Zucker rats whereas exercise (0% grade, 1hr/day, 5days/wk, during 12weeks) treated obese Zucker rats with ethanol except lean-type, obese Zucker rat-control and obese Zucker rat-exercise markedly suppressed this enhanced activity of the hepatic microsomal CYP4502E1 and decrease level of serum GOT, GPT and LDH. These results indicate that both ethanol consumption and running exercise suppressed hepatic microsomal CYP4502E1 with decreasing serum GOT, GPT and LDH rather than those of ethanol group in obese Zucker rats. Key Words cytochrome P 4502E1, GOT, GTP, LDH
Effects of 12-week aerobic training on body fat reduction depends on body parts 운동생리학 : 12주 유산소운동이 부위별 체지방 감소에 미치는 영향 이용금LeeYongGeum , 김창환KimChangHwan , 김병완KimByeongWan 42(5) 687-696, 2003 Title Effects of 12-week aerobic training on body fat reduction depends on body parts 운동생리학 : 12주 유산소운동이 부위별 체지방 감소에 미치는 영향 이용금LeeYongGeum , 김창환KimChangHwan , 김병완KimByeongWan DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study is to find out whether accumulated parts of body fat coincide with reduced parts after 12 weeks of training, and how age affects body compositions during 12 weeks of aerobic training with 90 subjects ages 30 to 50. To analyze body compositions the Anthropometric Method, Skinfolds Method, and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, (BMI Method) ㎏/㎡ were used. The exercise intensity was evaluated by the formula of Karvonen [Target Heart Rate: THR%=(THR%)(HRmax-HRest)+HRest]: the first phase (1st-4th week) was THR 60%, the second phase(5th-8th week) was 70% and the third phase(9th-12th week) was THR 80%. The exercise was done 3-4 times a week for 12 weeks. The 0.05 level of significance was as critical level for the study. As a result of this study, the following conclusions are reached. 1) The weight was reduced at a significant level (p<.05) in the case of 30 and 40 year-olds. In the case 50 year-olds, there was little reduction in their weight. 2) Circumferences of all body parts showed differences after 12 weeks of the exercise training. Circumferences of the hips, the waist and the thighs showed very big differences. In particular, women had a higher rate of differences in circumferences of the hips and the waist. 3) When it comes to skinfolds, a statistically significant reduction(p<.001) in seven parts of the body appeared after 12 week of the exercise training. In the case of men, the thigh showed the highest rate of difference, followed by superior iliac, triceps brachii, the abdomen and when it comes to women, the abdomen changes at the highest level followed by the thigh, superior iliac, triceps brachii. 4) In the case of the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, the rate of body fat showed differences at a statistically significant level (p<.001) when the subjects were men in their 30`s and 40`s, but when they were in their 50`s the reduction was dramatically decreased. When it comes to Lean Body Mass, the weight of male subjects reduced by 0.48㎏ and female subjects showed an increase in their muscles by 0.64㎏ after 12 weeks of exercise training. Generally most of the age groups showed an increase in Lean Body Mass. In the index of body fat, men showed a decrease of 0.89 and women 1.44. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups. The percentage of WHR decreased by 0.02 in the case of men, and women had 0.05 of decline (p<.001). In this case all age groups showed a statistically significant level (p<.001), but male subjects in their 40`s had a rather lower significant level (p<.05) Key Words anthropometric, skinfold, bMI, bioelectrical impedance, W/H ratio, bean body mass
The Effects of Cryotherapy after Exercise-induced Muscle Fatigue on Ammonia 운동생리학 : 근피로 유발 후 냉요법이 혈중암모니아의 변화에 미치는 영향 이용진LeeYongJin 42(5) 697-705, 2003 Title The Effects of Cryotherapy after Exercise-induced Muscle Fatigue on Ammonia 운동생리학 : 근피로 유발 후 냉요법이 혈중암모니아의 변화에 미치는 영향 이용진LeeYongJin DOI: Abstract This study was aimed to determine the effects of cryotherapy on blood ammonia following muscle fatigue-inducing concentric exercise of the knee. Eight healthy mans performed a bout of concentric exercise which is composed of three sets of one-hundred fifty maximal reciprocal contraction at 30˚/sec. on isokinetic dynamoneter, Subjects were immersed their exercised leg in cold water at 10℃ and 15℃ for 30min immediately after concentric exercise and then rested in ambient condition lasting 6hours. Also, subjects were participated in controlled condition which was rested in ambient condition during the same period. The measurements of blood ammonia were conducted at resting before muscle fatigue, immediately, 30min, 2hours, 4hours, and 6hours after concentric exercise. The data of measurement was analyzed by using SPSS-PC Windows program. To analyze the difference among three conditions used General Repeated Measure ANOVA. Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusion has been derived: There was no significant between controlled and cold water immersion condition for blood ammonia, but blood ammonia of within groups was significant for measurement time-courses(p.<05). Blood ammonia of cold water immersion condition was decreased in high speed than control condition through recovery times. The result indicate that the recovery of blood ammonia is faster in cryotherapy comparison with control condition. It seems to be appeared that the cold water immersion has positive effect to recovery of muscle fatigue after strenuous concentric contraction of leg. In conclusion, it appears that the cryotherapy might be a helper of the recovery of fatigue after strenuous exercise than non-treatment. Key Words cryotherapy, muscle fatigue, ammonia
The effect of swimming training duration on blood lipoprotein and obese hormone 운동생리학 : 수영훈련이 혈중지단백 및 비만호르몬에 미치는 효과 이정윤LeeJeongYun , 홍성찬HongSeongChan 42(5) 707-716, 2003 Title The effect of swimming training duration on blood lipoprotein and obese hormone 운동생리학 : 수영훈련이 혈중지단백 및 비만호르몬에 미치는 효과 이정윤LeeJeongYun , 홍성찬HongSeongChan DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study is to elucidate the effects of regular swimming exercise on blood lipoprotein metabolism and leptin. In this study, swimming(HRmax 50-75%), 60min/day, 5day/week) was performed and 18 were participated for study during 16 weeks. They were divided into two groups, one group as experimental group(n=9) and the other as control group(n=9). A measured factors were TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and leptin. All data were expressed as mean±standard deviation by using repeated ANOVA and independent t-test was used to analyze the difference of training duration(0week, 8week, 12week, 16week) between groups. After exercise intervention, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and leptin were found to have more significant effects in the experimental group than control group. This results indicated regular swimming exercise training is beneficial to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease and obesity. Key Words blood lipoprotein, leptin
A Study of Fitness, Blood pressure and Body Fat Changes on Aging 운동생리학 : 연령추이에 따른 기초체력 혈압 체지방 변화 연구 이철호LeeCheolHo , 오혜순OHyeSun , 정용안JeongYongAn 42(5) 717-725, 2003 Title A Study of Fitness, Blood pressure and Body Fat Changes on Aging 운동생리학 : 연령추이에 따른 기초체력 혈압 체지방 변화 연구 이철호LeeCheolHo , 오혜순OHyeSun , 정용안JeongYongAn DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was to find changes on age increase for physical fitness and BP(blood press), WHR(waist hip ratio), %fat in Korean adults. The subjects of this study were consisted of both 8,666 males and 6,033 females who checked medical examination and physical fitness test at the N Fitness Center. The following are the key messages: (1) In age 20’s showed highest physical fitness on push-up, sit-up, flexibility, grip strength, side-step, sargent jump, VO₂max and lowest on BP, WHR, %fat: (2) Physical fitness decrease significantly(p<.05) on age increase: (3) BP, WHR, %fat increase significantly(p<.05) on age increase: (4) Health related fitness factors more decrease than Skill related fitness factors. Key Words coronary heart risk, physical fitness, WHR, VO₂max, %body fat, blood pressure
The effect of postmenopausal program of osteoporosis protection exercise on the density of bone and the improvement of physical fitness of middle-age women 운동생리학 : 폐경 후 골다공증 예방 운동 프로그램이 중년여성의 골밀도 및 건강체력 향상에 미치는 영향 최은택ChoeEunTaeg , 이수재LeeSuJae 42(5) 727-734, 2003 Title The effect of postmenopausal program of osteoporosis protection exercise on the density of bone and the improvement of physical fitness of middle-age women 운동생리학 : 폐경 후 골다공증 예방 운동 프로그램이 중년여성의 골밀도 및 건강체력 향상에 미치는 영향 최은택ChoeEunTaeg , 이수재LeeSuJae DOI: Abstract The study is to examine the effect that the program of osteoporosis protection exercise have on the density of bone, DPD ratio, osteocalcin, the formation of body and body strength through the execution of this exercise with middle-age women for twelve weeks. The subject of this study is the women who are diagnosed their case as osteoporosis under the menopause and live in the D district of Seoul and they were divided into two groups the experiment group-19 persons, the control group-19 persons. The program of the osteoporosis protection exercise was put in force with aerobic dance, stepper exercise and the exercise of strengthening the muscular strength making movements the prime object, spending 60~80% of maximum heart rate, 70-75 minutes three times a week for 12 weeks. Using the SPSS 10.0 program for the analysis of collected data to the before and after difference between two groups. We can see that following results. First, the experiment group is significantly higher than the control group in the density of bone of L2-4 (p< .05) There is no significant difference in DPD ratio and osteocalcin between two groups. (P >.05) Second, there are significant differences between two groups in weight of the formation of body. (P>.05.) But there is no significant difference in The waist/rump ratio and lean body mass(P>.05) Third, there are significant differences between two groups in softness, balance and muscular strength of the abdomen at the test body strength. But there is no significant difference between two groups in the maximum oxygen intake and sit up. We can see that the program of osteoporosis protection exercise have effect on the maintenance of the density of bone in women under osteoporosis after the menopause. This program will contribute to improvement in quality of life as leading the practice of action improving health to middle-age women. Key Words program of osteoporosis protection exercise
The Effect of Aerobic Exercise According to Oriental Sasang Constitutional Diet on Blood Lipid(TC, TG), Lung Capacity(VC, FVC) and Body Composition 운동생리학 : 사상체질에 따른 식이요법과 유산소운동이 혈중지질(TC, TG) 폐기능(VC, FVC), 신체조성에 미치는 영향 최종인ChoeJongIn , 이청영LeeCheongYeong , 김기홍KimGiHong 42(5) 735-746, 2003 Title The Effect of Aerobic Exercise According to Oriental Sasang Constitutional Diet on Blood Lipid(TC, TG), Lung Capacity(VC, FVC) and Body Composition 운동생리학 : 사상체질에 따른 식이요법과 유산소운동이 혈중지질(TC, TG) 폐기능(VC, FVC), 신체조성에 미치는 영향 최종인ChoeJongIn , 이청영LeeCheongYeong , 김기홍KimGiHong DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study is the effect of aerobic exercise along with oriental sasang constitution diet on VC, FVC, Blood lipid(TC, TG) and body composition. The subsect were composed of 20 obese females aged from thirty to forty. They were participated in treatment program of exercise and diet therapy for 12weeks. They were devided into two groups. One group consist of 7 taeyum, 3 soyang that received general aerobic exercise pescription and a specific diet according to consistutional body type analysis originated form oriental medical concept which is called "sasang" medicine The result is as follows: 1. There were difference between CDG and GDG on lung capacity(VC, FVC) There was significant difference only FVC on CDG before and after the experiment within the groups. 2. There were no difference between CDG and GDG on blood lipid(TC, TG) Before and after experiment within the group were significantly decrease on both groups. 3. There were difference between weight and %body fat(p<.05) Before and after experiment within group were significantly decrease on both groups. Key Words oriental sasang constitution diet, TC, TG, VC, FVC
The effects of rest between first re-diving in forward profile and reverse profile diving on nitrogen saturation rate 운동생리학 : 정궤도 잠수와 역궤도 잠수시 1차 잠수와 재 잠수사이 휴식시간이 체내 질소 포화율에 미치는 영향 한상철HanSangCheol , 안재범AnJaeBeom , 이상호LeeSangHo , 하민수HaMinSu 42(5) 747-752, 2003 Title The effects of rest between first re-diving in forward profile and reverse profile diving on nitrogen saturation rate 운동생리학 : 정궤도 잠수와 역궤도 잠수시 1차 잠수와 재 잠수사이 휴식시간이 체내 질소 포화율에 미치는 영향 한상철HanSangCheol , 안재범AnJaeBeom , 이상호LeeSangHo , 하민수HaMinSu DOI: Abstract This study bring forth the change of nitrogen saturation rate according to dive depth and rest time in scuba diving with safe diving form. This experiment carry through advanced training 10 divers in Incheon. The 10 subjects perform an experiment of four form correlated forward profile diving and reverse profile diving. Measurement of classified results indicate last nitrogen saturation rate after second diving and value of the subjects’s performance treat statistical analysis by mean of hypothesis. This study bring out the result of both. First, nitrogen saturation in body according to dive depth make proof of nitrogen saturation rate in body with forward profile diving form lower than nitrogen saturation rate in body with forward profile diving form lower than nitrogen saturation rate in body with reverse profile diving form. Second, nitrogen saturation rate according to rest time find out nitrogen saturation rate in body with forward the 90 minutes rest time of form lower than nitrogen saturation rate in body with the 60 minutes rest time of form. Key Words diving depth, scuba diving
Effects of (-)-hydroxycitric acid ingestion on glycogen loading in rats 운동영양학 : HCA 첨가식이가 흰쥐의 글리코겐 저장능력에 미치는 영향 김현국KimHyeonGug , 김대길KimDaeGil , 류승필LyuSeungPil , 임기원ImGiWon , 이수천LeeSuCheon 42(5) 755-761, 2003 Title Effects of (-)-hydroxycitric acid ingestion on glycogen loading in rats 운동영양학 : HCA 첨가식이가 흰쥐의 글리코겐 저장능력에 미치는 영향 김현국KimHyeonGug , 김대길KimDaeGil , 류승필LyuSeungPil , 임기원ImGiWon , 이수천LeeSuCheon DOI: Abstract Stored glycogen is important energy source during moderate to high intensity exercise. Therefore, many researches have performed to storing more glycogen in the body called `glycogen loading`(GL). However, GL has some problems that increase body weight, spend long-term, and so on. In the present study, (-)-hydroxycitrate (HCA) was used as the supplement. HCA is not interfere fat oxidation during moderate intensity exercise and reduce fat accumulation and possibly increases glycogen content in the body. Therefore, 300㎎ of HCA was mixed in the diet (P:23%; F:22%; C:55%) in experimental group (n=16, HCA) or without HCA (n=16, CON). Both groups were divided into two sub-groups, for which endurance exercise time analysis (n=8 in each group). The Sprague-Dawley male rats that have exercise trained and the diet supplemented for 3-week. Fat weight, blood glucose, lactate, Liver and muscle glycogen were analyzed. Fat weight and blood lactate concentration were significantly decreased in the HCA (p<.05). Glycogen contents were significantly increased after glycogen loading session (p<.05). Endurance exercise time was significantly lengthened in the HCA (p<.05). These results suggested that HCA ingestion before endurance exercise was meaningful to storing glycogen content in the body. Key Words HCA, glycogen loading, endurance exercise
A Kinematic Analysis of Morisue Piked skill on the Parallel Bars 운동역학 : 평행봉 Morisue Piked 동작의 운동학적 분석 송주호SongJuHo , 윤정환YunJeongHwan 42(5) 765-773, 2003 Title A Kinematic Analysis of Morisue Piked skill on the Parallel Bars 운동역학 : 평행봉 Morisue Piked 동작의 운동학적 분석 송주호SongJuHo , 윤정환YunJeongHwan DOI: Abstract I have studies this research in relation to understanding of the nature of skill and acquistion of good remarks by analyzing the kinematic factors of Morisue Piked skill, a new skill approved as E degree of difficulty in the parallel bars. The Conclusions were made as follows: 1. Staying time in the air has to be longer for higher remarks. As for a long staying time, rotation speed has to be increased in accordance with good feet kicking immediately before a release and the late release has to be tried after awaiting until the upper body being paralleled with the parallel bars. 2. The short horizontal distance and the high vertical one are desirable for the moved distance of bodily center in main action stage. And it is desirable for the vertical speed in grasping the parallel bars higher than that in a release. 3. It is better to make hands depart from the parallel bars lately in order to extend the angle of shoulder joint at the moment of a release until the body swings itself and goes up higher when it passes through the position of vertically down direction. And for a better air-turning, it is desirable to prolong staying time in the air than to bend the shoulder joint extremely. 4. It is better to make the front arm angle wider up to the right angle. For it results that time-span of staying in the air is lengthened by dint of an elevated height of COG, and therefore it can get higher remarks by a big bodily motion when maintaining a wide front arm angle in a release. Key Words morisue piked, COG, center of gravity
Kinematical analysis about Course change at the Athletic short distance 200m 운동역학 : 육상 단거리 200m 경기 시 주로 유형의 변화에 대한 운동학적 분석 오세진OSeJin 42(5) 775-780, 2003 Title Kinematical analysis about Course change at the Athletic short distance 200m 운동역학 : 육상 단거리 200m 경기 시 주로 유형의 변화에 대한 운동학적 분석 오세진OSeJin DOI: Abstract This study sought to identify the Kinematic characteristics at entrance to the straight course from the curvilinear course in the 200m-track game. For this purpose, this study was conducted for 4 sprinters by setting the 10m-section combined from the curvilinear track to the straight course and shooting them with the camcorder. It was set up to include all the sections of analysis by using the framework of the control point knowing the coordinate of the space and actual analysis was conducted on the motion showing the best records by conducting it for each subject five times. As a result, the conclusion was drawn: 1. It was found that average stride was 4.5±0.41 times at the 10-meter section and it takes 1.42±0.04sec. They showed the ratio of average stride to height of 1.25±0.20% and the average speed was 7.06±0.19m/s. 2. The displacement in the center of gravity of the human body at the section combined from the curvilinear course to the straight course was moving along the inward course of the curvilinear course, and the displacement of the leg located at the outward direction(right) was found to be larger than that of the leg located at the inward direction(left). 3. In the speed of the left and right hand segments, it was found that the speed to inward, and it was found that the subjects progressed in the direction of running at full speed by making large the speed of the arms located at the outside in the curvilinear course. 4. The subjects showed the larger angle of the shoulder joint when the upper arm was located in the forward located at the outward direction left the ground than when the left foot located at the inward direction left the ground. Key Words course change, curvilinear track, athletic short distance
The Effect of Stretch-Shortening Cycle to Elbow and Knee Joint Movement 운동역학 : Stretch-Shortening Cycle이 주관절 및 슬관절 동작에 미치는 영향 우병훈UByeongHun 42(5) 781-789, 2003 Title The Effect of Stretch-Shortening Cycle to Elbow and Knee Joint Movement 운동역학 : Stretch-Shortening Cycle이 주관절 및 슬관절 동작에 미치는 영향 우병훈UByeongHun DOI: Abstract The goal of this study was to present a applicable basis for the muscular contraction mechanism of the human body by identifying the differences in the stretch-shortening cycle and shortening-stretch cycle in concentric and eccentric contraction according to muscular contraction types, through isokinetic analysis using Biodex. For this purpose, the experiments was conducted on flexion exercise of the elbow and knee joints by classifying them into a stretch-shortening cycle and shortening-stretch cycle in concentric and eccentric contraction at a three angular velocity of 60˚/sec, 180˚/sec, and 240˚/sec with 10 students at a physical education college. As a result of the experiment, I concluded as follows. First, As for the peak torque, peak torque/body weight, and total average power increased when the angle velocity was high. No differences were represented in the angle of peak torque. Second, the stretch-shortening cycle showed a higher peak torque, peak torque/body weight, and angle of peak torque than did the concentric contraction, according to exercise types. There were no big differences in total work and average power, but stretch -shortening cycle showed a bit higher than concentric contraction. From this conclusion, I found that the stretch-shortening cycle could bring about improvement in many aspects such as torque, total work, power, etc. than could the concentric contraction. Therefore, training with the stretch-shortening cycle method using the pre-stretch would be more effective. Key Words stretch shortening cycle, concentric contraction, pre-stretch, isokinetic
The Analysis of The Factors for Winning a Game in the 2002-2003 Season Korean Basketball League 측정평가 : 2002-2003시즌 한국프로 농구경기의 승패 요인 분석 박제영ParkJeYeong 42(5) 793-800, 2003 Title The Analysis of The Factors for Winning a Game in the 2002-2003 Season Korean Basketball League 측정평가 : 2002-2003시즌 한국프로 농구경기의 승패 요인 분석 박제영ParkJeYeong DOI: Abstract The aim of this study were to analyze factor of the contribution of win-loss of basketball game. The 10 teams were participated in the regular professional basketball league. all data for each game were collected from recorder affiliated by basketball association. The results of the analysis of the factors for winning a game in the 2002-2003 season korean basketball league are as follow: First, the rate of 2-point shots(2P%), the rate of 3-point shots(3P%), dunk shot(DK), assists(A), team fastbreaks(FB), defensive rebounds(DR), steals(ST), blocked shots(BS), fouls with free throw(WFT), had significant difference between win and loss. Second, by discriminant analysis, the most important factor for the game result was defensive rebounds(DR), other factor can be ordered by the importance for the game result, and they were the rate of 3-point shots(3P%), the rate of 2-point shots(2P%), steals(ST), turnovers(TO), offensive rebounds(OR) fouls with free throw(WFT), good defenses(GD), the rate of free throw shots(FT%). Third, the predicted accuracy rate of the game result was 83.89%. and it meant somewhat high cross validity of discriminant equation. Key Words factors for winning a game, korean basketball league
Effects of Low-Intensity Aerobic Exercise on the Cardiovascular Endurance of the Down syndrome Children with a History of Congenital Heart Disease 특수체육 : 저강도 유산소 운동이 선천성 심장병력을 가진 다운증후군 아동의 심폐지구력에 미치는 영향 김경원KimGyeongWon , 탁정근TagJeongGeun , 변재훈ByeonJaeHun 42(5) 803-810, 2003 Title Effects of Low-Intensity Aerobic Exercise on the Cardiovascular Endurance of the Down syndrome Children with a History of Congenital Heart Disease 특수체육 : 저강도 유산소 운동이 선천성 심장병력을 가진 다운증후군 아동의 심폐지구력에 미치는 영향 김경원KimGyeongWon , 탁정근TagJeongGeun , 변재훈ByeonJaeHun DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are some effects of low-intensity aerobic exercise program on the cardiovascular endurance(CVE) of the Down syndrome children with a history of congenital heart disease(CHD). The subjects of this study participated in the low-intensity aerobic exercise program were sixteen Down syndrome children(IQ = 51~75) with a history of CHD. The subjects of this study were divided into two groups: one is exercise group(n=8), and the other is control group(n=8). The low-intensity aerobic exercise program was practiced for 12 weeks, 3 times a week and 90 minutes each time. The exercise intensities were treated to the 40~50% of the maximum heart rate which was identified on the subjects during the pre-exercise tests. For the identification of the effects in the low-intensity aerobic exercise program, all participants performed pre- and post-training graded Rockport Fitness Walking Test for CVE. The data were statistically analyzed in paired-sample t-test(α=.05) to identify their mean differences within each group. In conclusion, most of all the cardiovascular endurance variables in the Down syndrome children with a history of congenital heart disease were increased significantly at level p<.05. Key Words down syndrome, history of congenital heart disease, cardiovascular endurance
The Effect of Regular Aerobic Exercises on Serum CPK in the Elderly Women over 65 발육발달 : 규칙적인 유산소성 운동이 여성 고령자의 혈청 CPK에 미치는 영향 김태왕KimTaeWang , 양점홍YangJeomHong 42(5) 813-817, 2003 Title The Effect of Regular Aerobic Exercises on Serum CPK in the Elderly Women over 65 발육발달 : 규칙적인 유산소성 운동이 여성 고령자의 혈청 CPK에 미치는 영향 김태왕KimTaeWang , 양점홍YangJeomHong DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was discuss and analyze the effect of regular aerobic exercises on serum CPK(creatin phosphkinase) in the elderly women over 65. Walking(n=7) and aquatic exercise(n=7) were performed three times per week for ten weeks with RPE 11~13 intensity corresponding to 65~80% HRmax(aquatic exercise : 54~68% HRmax). The following conclusion can be obtained by analyzing and comparing the change of serum CPK to the women health over 65 years. The investigations carried before and after their taking the mentioned above are as follows: 1. Walking group was significantly increased after ten weeks exercise. 2. Aquatic exercise group was increased after ten weeks exercise but not significant difference. 3. Control group was decreased after ten weeks. In the results of this study, serum CPK was increased for regular aerobic exercises in the elderly women. It seems to be trainability and exercise adaptation for regular exercises. Key Words serum CPK, regular aerobic exercises, elderly women
The effects of delivery rate, abortion rate and exercise frequency on premenstrual syndrome in middle-aged women 발육발달 : 출산력과 운동 참여빈도가 중년여성의 월경 전 증후군에 미치는 영향 남윤신NamYunSin , 김민정KimMinJeong , 이청무LeeCheongMu 42(5) 819-827, 2003 Title The effects of delivery rate, abortion rate and exercise frequency on premenstrual syndrome in middle-aged women 발육발달 : 출산력과 운동 참여빈도가 중년여성의 월경 전 증후군에 미치는 영향 남윤신NamYunSin , 김민정KimMinJeong , 이청무LeeCheongMu DOI: Abstract The purpose of this study was to sugest an alternative plan for relief symptoms and prevention in premenstrual syndrome. The delivery rate, abortion rate and exercise frequency on premenstrual syndrome in middle-aged women. To attain the goal of this study, the subjects were set as a collceted group: 312 participants of sports activities at sports centers and 353 non-participants by cluster random sampling method. The questionnaire for premenstrual syndrome used the questionnaire of Abram(1983) and general questions were added. For the data analysis, frequency analysis, one-way ANOVA, post-hoc were used. The results of the study are follow: First, as the numbers of delivery rate increased, the premenstrual syndrome are decreased but there are not significantly different. Second, as the numbers of abortion increased, the premenstrual syndrome are also increased. There are significantly different. Third, as the frequency of exercise increased, the premenstrual syndrome are decreased and there are significantly different. Key Words premenstrual syndrome delivery rate, abortion rate, frequency of exercise
The Body Composition and Physical Fitness By the Hypodermic Fat Level of the Male High School Students 발육발달 : 남자 고등학생의 체지방 수준별 신체구성과 체력 성낙광SeongNagKwang , 이중숙LeeJungSook , 양정옥YangJeongOk 42(5) 829-837, 2003 Title The Body Composition and Physical Fitness By the Hypodermic Fat Level of the Male High School Students 발육발달 : 남자 고등학생의 체지방 수준별 신체구성과 체력 성낙광SeongNagKwang , 이중숙LeeJungSook , 양정옥YangJeongOk DOI: Abstract This research let 90 of the 135 male students, who are in the third grade in the high school the Busan, divided into the under-weight, the normal-weight, and the over-weight group. with 30 students in each group, according to the level of the Hypodermic Fat Rate in order to investigate the body composition and Physical Fitness by the hypodermic Fat distribution of the male high School Students, and examined in the body composition 4 and Physical Fitness 6 lists. This shows the following conclusion. After I was produced the average of a dependent variable of the hypodermic fat quantity and rate and standard deviation, to verify the mean deviation, and unitary variable analysis came into effect. This shows the following conclusion. 1. The hypodermic fat quantity and rate shows the obvious difference by order of over-weight, normal-weight, under-weight in the body composition by the hypodermic(P< .001), but the lbm quantity and juices doesn`t show that statistically(P >.05). 2. The muscular fitness of the over and the norma groups is higher than obviousdifference from the former and the latter in the Physical Fitness by the hypodermicfat distribution(P<.01). muscular endurance and gility of the under groups is thenormal groups and higher than that of the over one, there is the obvious difference as well(P<.001). muscular power the under groups, normal groups, higher then that of the over one, there is the obvious difference as well(P<.001). There isn`t any difference statistically in balance and flexibility(P<.05). Therefore, among the under-weight, the normal-weight and the over-weight group, because the higher the hypodermic fat rate is, the lower the physical strength of students grows, teenagers should improve their health and decrease their hypodermic fat by doing exercise and a dietary treatment. Key Words hypodermic fat classification, male high school students, physical fitness

Journal of Korean Alliance for Health,Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance

Vol.42 No.5

A Comparative Study on the old history of the Taekkyon and Taekwondo 체육사 : 택견과 태권도 역사성에 관한 비교

Study on Baseball Introduction of Korea 체육사 : 한국의 야구 도입설에 관한 연구

A Study on the Changing Process of the Special Law Supporting the Olympic Games in Korea, Canada and Japan 체육사 : 역대 올림픽개최국의 올림픽대회지원 관련법에 관한 연구 -한국 캐나다 일본의 국가적 차원의 지원 내용을 중심으로-

A Study On The Carl Diem`s Life and Thought In The Guide of German Sports 체육사 : 독일 스포츠 선구자 칼 딤의 생애와 사상에 관한 고찰

A study of a Social History on the British Sports Culture 체육사 : 영국의 스포츠 문화에 관한 사회사적 고찰

The China Sports Policies based on Deng Xiaoping`s Philosophy 체육철학 : 등소평(鄧小平) 사상에 비춰진 중국의 스포츠정책

Thinking student athlete 체육철학 : 학생운동선수를 생각한다

A Study on the Physical Movement on the Basis of the Ideal- Realism 체육철학 : 관념론적 실재론에 기초한 신체운동에 대한 연구

An Understanding on Value Ethics on Value Prioritizing in Physical Activity 체육철학 : 운동의 가치위계에 관한 가치 윤리학적 이해

The Relationships among Exercise Addiction, Self-Consciousness, and Social Adjustment in Life Sports Participants 스포츠사회학 : 생활체육 참가자의 운동중독과 자기의식 및 사회적응의 관계

The Difference of Social Support Distinctions between as Individual Characteristics on Sports and Leisure Instructors 스포츠사회학 : 생활체육 지도자의 개인적 특성에 따른 사회적 지원의 차이

The Influence of Dance sport Participation on Stress, Anxiety and Depression of Adult Females 스포츠사회학 : 성인 여성의 댄스스포츠 참가가 스트레스와 불안 및 우울증에 미치는 영향

The Relationship between Participation in Dancesports and Mental Health 스포츠사회학 : 댄스스포츠 참가자 스트레스 사회적지지 및 정신건강에 미치는 영향

The Relationships between Participation in Leisure Sports Activities and Military Service Absorption among Army Soldier 스포츠사회학 : 육군 병사의 여가체육활동 참가와 복무몰입의 관계

The Relationship between Participation in Physical Activity after School and Social Support, Stress among the Adolescents 스포츠사회학 : 청소년의 스포츠 참가와 스트레스 및 사회적 지지의 관계

Effects of Attribution Styles by Success and Failure, and Goal Orientation in High School Rowing Athletes 스포츠심리학 : 고교 조정선수들의 성공과 실패, 목표성향이 귀인유형에 미치는 영향

The Analysis on Relation of Achievement Goal Orientation and Physical Self-efficacy 스포츠심리학 : 성취목표성향과 신체적 자기효능감 관계 분석

A study on the dependence of information processing as a function of Index of Difficulty and experience of motor timing task 스포츠심리학 : 타이밍 과제의 경험과 난이도에 따른 정보처리 의존성에 관한 연구

The effects of Self-controlled Feedback on the Performance and Learning of Fencing Fente 스포츠심리학 : 자기통제 피드백이 펜싱 찌르기 동작의 수행 및 학습에 미치는 영향

The Search of Elementary Physical Education Instructional Strategies 스포츠교육학 : 초등학교 체육수업의 교수전략 탐색

Effects of Preschool Physical Education on the Sociality and Emotionality 스포츠교육학 : 유아체육 교육이 유아 사회성과 정서에 미치는 영향

The Effects of Portfolio Assessment Instruction System in Physical Education Class 스포츠교육학 : 포트폴리오 평가방식 수업이 체육과 교수-학습의 통합성과 학습목표 달성에 미치는 효과

The Relationships among Perception on Coaching Behaviors, Athlete Satisfaction and Performance of Sports Type 스포츠교육학 : 스포츠유형별 코칭행동 인식과 선수만족 및 경기력의 관계

Dancesport Instructors’ Attitude Towards Dancesport 스포츠교육학 : 댄스스포츠 지도자들의 댄스스포츠에 대한 태도

Strategies to develop conceptual understanding on learning task: Enhancing teaching effectiveness of sport educator 스포츠교육학 : 학습과제에 대한 인지적 이해 개발전략 사회체육지도자의 교수효율성 제고

Comparative Analysis of the Games in the Physical Education Textbooks of the 6th and 7th Elementary School Curriculum 스포츠교육학 : 초등학교 제6·7차 체육 교과서에 나타난 게임활동 비교분석

The Relationship between Concerns and Psychological Readiness on Teachers Development Cycle 스포츠교육학 : 교사발달 주기에 따른 관심사와 심리적 준비성과의 관계

The Influence of Inferiority Complex Occurring in Sports Activities on Adolescent’s Ego-identity 사회체육 : 스포츠활동에서 발생하는 열등감이 청소년의 자아정체감에 미치는 영향

Influence of the Service of Golf Course Caddies` on Customers` Satisfaction and Post Purchase Behavior 사회체육 : 골프장 캐디 서비스가 고객 만족도 및 구매 후 행동에 미치는 영향

The Relationship between Value and Attitude and the Effect of Attitude in Dance Sports on Job Satisfaction of the Participated Teachers in Dance Sports 사회체육 : 댄스스포츠 참여교사의 가치와 태도의 관계 및 댄스스포츠 태도가 직무만족에 미치는 영향

A Comparative Study on the old history of the Taekkyon and Taekwondo
체육사 : 택견과 태권도 역사성에 관한 비교

Study on Baseball Introduction of Korea
체육사 : 한국의 야구 도입설에 관한 연구

A Study on the Changing Process of the Special Law Supporting the Olympic Games in Korea, Canada and Japan
체육사 : 역대 올림픽개최국의 올림픽대회지원 관련법에 관한 연구 -한국 캐나다 일본의 국가적 차원의 지원 내용을 중심으로-

A Study On The Carl Diem`s Life and Thought In The Guide of German Sports
체육사 : 독일 스포츠 선구자 칼 딤의 생애와 사상에 관한 고찰

A study of a Social History on the British Sports Culture
체육사 : 영국의 스포츠 문화에 관한 사회사적 고찰

The China Sports Policies based on Deng Xiaoping`s Philosophy
체육철학 : 등소평(鄧小平) 사상에 비춰진 중국의 스포츠정책

Thinking student athlete
체육철학 : 학생운동선수를 생각한다

A Study on the Physical Movement on the Basis of the Ideal- Realism
체육철학 : 관념론적 실재론에 기초한 신체운동에 대한 연구

An Understanding on Value Ethics on Value Prioritizing in Physical Activity
체육철학 : 운동의 가치위계에 관한 가치 윤리학적 이해

The Relationships among Exercise Addiction, Self-Consciousness, and Social Adjustment in Life Sports Participants
스포츠사회학 : 생활체육 참가자의 운동중독과 자기의식 및 사회적응의 관계

The Difference of Social Support Distinctions between as Individual Characteristics on Sports and Leisure Instructors
스포츠사회학 : 생활체육 지도자의 개인적 특성에 따른 사회적 지원의 차이

The Influence of Dance sport Participation on Stress, Anxiety and Depression of Adult Females
스포츠사회학 : 성인 여성의 댄스스포츠 참가가 스트레스와 불안 및 우울증에 미치는 영향

The Relationship between Participation in Dancesports and Mental Health
스포츠사회학 : 댄스스포츠 참가자 스트레스 사회적지지 및 정신건강에 미치는 영향

The Relationships between Participation in Leisure Sports Activities and Military Service Absorption among Army Soldier
스포츠사회학 : 육군 병사의 여가체육활동 참가와 복무몰입의 관계

The Relationship between Participation in Physical Activity after School and Social Support, Stress among the Adolescents
스포츠사회학 : 청소년의 스포츠 참가와 스트레스 및 사회적 지지의 관계

Effects of Attribution Styles by Success and Failure, and Goal Orientation in High School Rowing Athletes
스포츠심리학 : 고교 조정선수들의 성공과 실패, 목표성향이 귀인유형에 미치는 영향

The Analysis on Relation of Achievement Goal Orientation and Physical Self-efficacy
스포츠심리학 : 성취목표성향과 신체적 자기효능감 관계 분석

A study on the dependence of information processing as a function of Index of Difficulty and experience of motor timing task
스포츠심리학 : 타이밍 과제의 경험과 난이도에 따른 정보처리 의존성에 관한 연구

The effects of Self-controlled Feedback on the Performance and Learning of Fencing Fente
스포츠심리학 : 자기통제 피드백이 펜싱 찌르기 동작의 수행 및 학습에 미치는 영향

The Search of Elementary Physical Education Instructional Strategies
스포츠교육학 : 초등학교 체육수업의 교수전략 탐색

Effects of Preschool Physical Education on the Sociality and Emotionality
스포츠교육학 : 유아체육 교육이 유아 사회성과 정서에 미치는 영향

The Effects of Portfolio Assessment Instruction System in Physical Education Class
스포츠교육학 : 포트폴리오 평가방식 수업이 체육과 교수-학습의 통합성과 학습목표 달성에 미치는 효과

The Relationships among Perception on Coaching Behaviors, Athlete Satisfaction and Performance of Sports Type
스포츠교육학 : 스포츠유형별 코칭행동 인식과 선수만족 및 경기력의 관계

Dancesport Instructors’ Attitude Towards Dancesport
스포츠교육학 : 댄스스포츠 지도자들의 댄스스포츠에 대한 태도

Strategies to develop conceptual understanding on learning task: Enhancing teaching effectiveness of sport educator
스포츠교육학 : 학습과제에 대한 인지적 이해 개발전략 사회체육지도자의 교수효율성 제고

Comparative Analysis of the Games in the Physical Education Textbooks of the 6th and 7th Elementary School Curriculum
스포츠교육학 : 초등학교 제6·7차 체육 교과서에 나타난 게임활동 비교분석

The Relationship between Concerns and Psychological Readiness on Teachers Development Cycle
스포츠교육학 : 교사발달 주기에 따른 관심사와 심리적 준비성과의 관계

The Influence of Inferiority Complex Occurring in Sports Activities on Adolescent’s Ego-identity
사회체육 : 스포츠활동에서 발생하는 열등감이 청소년의 자아정체감에 미치는 영향

Influence of the Service of Golf Course Caddies` on Customers` Satisfaction and Post Purchase Behavior
사회체육 : 골프장 캐디 서비스가 고객 만족도 및 구매 후 행동에 미치는 영향

The Relationship between Value and Attitude and the Effect of Attitude in Dance Sports on Job Satisfaction of the Participated Teachers in Dance Sports
사회체육 : 댄스스포츠 참여교사의 가치와 태도의 관계 및 댄스스포츠 태도가 직무만족에 미치는 영향